Social protection of the population- this is one of the most important directions of the state’s social policy, which consists in establishing and maintaining the socially necessary material and social status of all members of society.
Sometimes social protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing a certain level of income for those segments of the population that, for some reason, cannot provide for their own existence: the unemployed, the disabled, the sick, orphans, the elderly, single mothers, large families.
Basic principles of social protection:
The social protection system is a set of legislative acts, measures, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of social protection measures for the population and support for socially vulnerable segments of the population.
It includes:
Social Security— arose in Russia in the 20s of the twentieth century. and meant creation state system material support and services for elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. This category is essentially identical to the category of social protection, but the latter applies to a market economy.
In addition to pensions (for old age, disability, etc.), social security included benefits for temporary disability and childbirth, for caring for a child under one year of age, assistance to families in maintaining and raising children (free or on preferential terms, nurseries, kindergartens, boarding schools , pioneer camps, etc.), family benefits, maintenance of the disabled in special organizations(nursing homes, etc.), free or preferential prosthetic care, provision of mobility aids to disabled people, vocational training for disabled people, various benefits for families of disabled people. During the transition to the market, the social security system largely ceased to fulfill its functions, but some of its elements became part of the modern system of social protection of the population.
Social guarantees - provision of social benefits and services to citizens without taking into account labor contribution and means testing based on the principle of distributing these benefits according to the needs of available public resources.
In our country, social guarantees include:
Since January 1, 2002, the amount of benefits associated with the birth of a child has been increased. Thus, the amount of a one-time benefit for the birth of a child increased from 1.5 thousand rubles to 4.5 thousand rubles and in 2006 - to 8,000 rubles, the monthly benefit for the period of parental leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years from 200 up to 500 rubles, and in 2006 - up to 700 rubles. This benefit provided 25% of the subsistence level of an able-bodied person. Size monthly allowance for a child under 16 years of age has not been revised and is 70 rubles. Its ratio to the child's subsistence level was 3.0% in 2004. In Moscow and some other regions, this benefit increased to 150 rubles in 2006.
A type of social guarantees are social benefits. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to certain groups of the population (disabled people, war veterans, labor veterans, etc.). In 2005, natural benefits for these categories of the population were replaced monetary compensation. Since January 1, 2005, the preferential category of citizens has the right to use the social package and the right to receive monthly cash payments. The cost of the social package is set at 450 rubles. It includes travel on suburban transport, free medicine, sanatorium-resort treatment and travel to the place of sanatorium-resort treatment. The law provides that from January 2006, beneficiaries will be able to choose between a social package and receiving the corresponding amount of money.
From January 1, 2006, monthly cash payments in accordance with the law were established in the following amounts: disabled people of the Great Patriotic War— 2000 rubles; WWII participants - 1500 rubles; combat veterans and a number of other categories of beneficiaries - 1,100 rubles.
Persons who worked during the Second World War at air defense facilities, the construction of defensive structures, naval bases, airfields and other military facilities, family members of deceased or deceased disabled war veterans, World War II participants and combat veterans will receive 600 rubles monthly.
Disabled people with third degree restrictions labor activity, 1400 rubles are paid monthly; second degree - 1000 rubles; first degree - 800 rubles; Disabled children will be paid 1,000 rubles. Disabled people who do not have restrictions on their ability to work, with the exception of disabled children, receive 500 rubles monthly.
Social insurance— protection of the economically active population from social risks on the basis of collective solidarity in compensation for damage. The main social risks associated with loss of ability to work, work and, accordingly, income are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, work injury, occupational disease, death of the breadwinner. The social insurance system is financed from special extra-budgetary funds formed from contributions from employers and employees, as well as state subsidies.
There are two forms of social insurance - mandatory (with state support from its funds) and voluntary (in the absence of state assistance). Support for citizens is provided primarily through cash payments (pensions and benefits for illness, old age, unemployment, loss of a breadwinner, etc.), as well as through financing the services of health care organizations, vocational training, etc., related to the restoration of working capacity.
Social support (assistance) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population who, for one reason or another, are unable to secure an income for themselves. Assistance is provided through both cash and in-kind payments (free lunches, clothing) and is financed from general tax revenues. To receive social assistance means testing is usually required. Assistance is provided to those people whose incomes are below minimum living standards, and is an essential element of the anti-poverty policy, ensuring a minimum guaranteed income, as the realization of the right to life.
Social support is not limited to financial assistance. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or groups of the population by social services to overcome life difficulties, maintain social status, and adapt to society.
Activities of social services for social support, provision of social, everyday, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations has formed into a separate branch of the social sphere - social services.
Work aimed at providing assistance, support and protection to people, and especially to the socially weaker sections of society, is called social work.
Object of social work are people who need outside help: old people, pensioners, disabled people, seriously ill people, children; people caught in
I wish life situation: unemployed, drug addicts, teenagers who have fallen into bad company, single-parent families, convicts and those who have served their sentences, refugees and displaced persons, etc.
Subjects of social work— those organizations and people who carry out this work. This is the state as a whole, implementing social policy through state social protection bodies. This public organizations: Russian Association of Social Services, Association of Social Pedagogues and social workers etc. These are charitable organizations and relief societies such as the Red Cross and Red Crescent.
The main subjects of social work are people engaged in it professionally or on a voluntary basis. There are about half a million professional social workers (that is, people with appropriate education and diplomas) all over the world (several tens of thousands in Russia). The bulk of social work is carried out by non-professionals, either as a result of circumstances or out of conviction and a sense of duty.
Society is interested in increasing the effectiveness of social work. However, it is quite difficult to define and measure it. Efficiency is understood as the ratio of the results of activities and the costs required to achieve this result. Efficiency in social sphere is a complex category that consists of goals, results, costs and conditions social activities. The result is the final result of any activity in relation to its goal. It can be positive or negative.
In social work, the result is the satisfaction of the needs of its objects, clients of social services, and on this basis general improvement social situation in society. Criteria for the effectiveness of social work at the macro level can be indicators of the financial situation of the family (person), life expectancy, level and structure of morbidity, homelessness, drug addiction, crime, etc.
Closely related to the efficiency criterion is the problem of limits on social assistance to citizens. As with the implementation of income policy, it is necessary to take into account the possible negative consequences of massive social support: the emergence of dependency, passivity, and reluctance to make decisions and solve one’s problems. Negative phenomena may arise in the social sphere (for example, active support for single mothers may result in a decrease in the marriage rate and, ultimately, the birth rate).
Part of the overall strategy of any government in the field of public relations is a system of social guarantees. This direction provides for the purposeful activities of the authorities to develop and implement decisions that directly concern each citizen and his situation. The creation of certain forms of protection is carried out taking into account differences between population groups.
The main goal pursued by guarantees is the formation of protection of all elements that make up the structure of society, as well as individual individuals from destructive processes that take place at certain stages of development. The activities of the authorities are aimed at the development of groups, classes, strata, and ethnic communities that form the population. Such a policy should contain certain strategic guidelines aimed at achieving global goals for the country. The basis on which socio-economic guarantees are formed is the information obtained from collecting statistical information and performing social research. Analysis and comprehension of the data obtained allows us to develop a competent strategy for achieving particularly significant goals and solving pressing problems.
Differences in profit per capita are called differentiation. In a market economy it has always been and remains a characteristic feature. It is also noted in countries that have long embarked on the path of development, and which are now at the very beginning. The growth of its indicators is especially characteristic for Russia. State social guarantees are precisely aimed at mitigating established inequality. This is considered today a priority task of the Government of the country. The solution to this issue involves maintaining an optimal ratio between the incomes of the employed (active) part of the population and disabled citizens. This task is realized through the introduction of taxes and transfers for people’s livelihoods or for them to achieve a certain standard of living.
The main directions in this policy are:
Redistribution of income is carried out through differentiation of taxes received from different sources. Profit regulation consists of direct intervention in the primary direction of cash flows by establishing either a minimum wage or an upper limit on its nominal size. Of greatest importance, however, is support for the poorest.
This definition acts as a key concept in the development of programs aimed at protecting the population from various kinds of destructive social and political processes in the country. It includes various standards that provide citizens with a generally accepted level of consumption - a minimum standard of quality of life, taking into account the capabilities of the national economy.
The Institute for Public Protection of Citizens must meet the following conditions:
Social guarantee is an element that is provided to the population in accordance with constitutional provisions. It could be:
Social guarantees for employees are tools to ensure normal conditions professional activity and receiving payment for it. In Russia, one of these means is the establishment of a minimum wage. Many countries have introduced a minimum hourly wage. Today, the minimum wage in Russia is at a fairly low level. This suggests that the current employment policy is not producing the desired effect.
This is a separate area of government activity. It is aimed at the disabled population, which today especially needs protection. The government's strategy must create optimal conditions taking into account each category of such citizens. Receipts for their support are divided into three groups:
They are presented in the form of subsidies for:
Monetary compensation is provided:
Any social guarantee is an element of a public institution for protecting the population. Within its framework, large-scale goals and objectives are set. Their achievement and implementation is carried out according to the program developed by the Government. Strict adherence to the adopted scheme should ensure the intended effect. Social guarantee is, among other things, effective tool stabilization of the situation of citizens. It performs the following functions:
The main tasks facing us include stimulating and maintaining economic development and subordinating the production sector to the interests of consumers. At the same time, thanks to the implementation of developed programs, the work motivation, business entrepreneurship of the population. All this, in turn, contributes to the achievement and subsequent improvement of living standards, the preservation of natural and cultural heritage, identity and national identity.
Today we will try to find out what social guarantees for employees are in a legal context and which ones specifically can be provided to the population in a particular case. This issue is not only relevant now, because previously, for all employees when finding employment, there was a need to understand this concept and all the aspects accompanying it.
When you are looking for a job and, reading one of the advertisements, you pay attention to the presence of a social package, an unknowing person is certainly captivated by this. But you need to understand that the presence of such a package is mandatory and in any case is provided to the employee, as it is prescribed by law. 
The main guarantees that must be provided, as required by the state, include the following:
For a more detailed study of the list of various guarantees, you need to refer to the Labor Code. It contains a lot of descriptions, responsibilities and laws on this matter for certain enterprises And different areas their activities.
The above items are mandatory to be provided by the employer, and not additional services to lure people to work.
Of course, some warranties may be offered that are not listed above. Such items, the so-called additional social guarantees, are also called compensation and motivational.
All clauses of the provided guarantees must meet the following requirements:
Social guarantees can be divided into:
The main task that the general system of social guarantees strives for is the formation of a protective mechanism for all elements included in the structures of society, including individual individuals, from destructive processes that take place at any stage of development.
Regulations on social support for the population are formed by the administration of a particular locality in the country. And the main sources of financing for this system can be the following formations:
The budgets of the above and other social insurance funds are replenished from incoming mandatory payments in the form of a single social tax, subsidies, insurance contributions and funds from the federal budget and other budgets provided by law. The sources of these formations can be the following:
This or that amount of the above and other similar contributions is established by the Russian tax code and laws on social insurance. These documents also indicate which categories a particular contribution applies to.
The funds allocated for each employee must be spent strictly for the intended purpose, which is established by the law on certain types of compulsory social insurance and on fund budgets for the current financial period.
The interest of employees in any organization and its successful economic development depends on how much more services and benefits are provided to each person during employment and how much the amount differs from the legally established amount.
Under these circumstances, it is possible to reduce staff turnover in an organization, because the employee will not have the desire to lose numerous benefits when leaving. In addition, this policy makes it possible to ensure the existence of employees under the condition of low wages, for example, as in government institutions, or offered in the interest of attracting and retaining a good workforce, as can be seen in large corporations. 
Social guarantees for employees, the development of their personality, and health are the main conditions for the successful functioning of any organization. As a management motivation personnel policy institutions and accompanying social services help meet workers' needs, values and interests. The main goals of social protection include the following:
As modern practice shows, when applying for a job, it is necessary to pay attention to the social guarantees that the institution where you are going to work promises to provide. At the same time, it is necessary to select those forms of social protection that are most consistent with meeting needs and interests.
The company's management should pay attention this issue and conduct various studies in order to be able to implement comfortable conditions for high-quality and efficient work.
material and legal means ensuring the implementation of the socio-economic rights of citizens - the right to work, to rest, to housing, to free education and free medical care, to material support in old age and in case of disability, etc. Social guarantees are provided by social policy, the material basis of which is the social funds of the state and enterprises, from which targeted payments for social security are made.
Excellent definition
Incomplete definition ↓
a system of socio-economic and legal means that ensure the living conditions of members of society, social groups, the realization of their interests, various connections and relationships, the functioning and development of the social system as a whole. The main social rights include the right to choose a profession, sphere of application of labor, forms economic activity, getting general and vocational education, the human right to realize one’s labor potential, abilities and adequate remuneration in accordance with the quantity and quality of labor, the same equivalence of this remuneration to a set of consumer goods and services. An integral part of the implementation of the national budget is maintaining optimal compliance in meeting social and individual needs, which is carried out through the distribution of the share of national income for consumption and accumulation. The part of national income allocated for consumption is realized through wages and public consumption funds. Implementation of self-government in the sphere of consumption means ensuring the minimum acceptable level of satisfaction of needs for housing, health care, education, income (in the scale of well-being and level of economic development achieved by society), and ensuring an acceptable standard of living. For this purpose, a system of socio-economic standards is being developed that defines the lower limits of the minimum level of living goods to satisfy individual and social needs. These include minimum wages, pensions, scholarships, the level of spending on education, preschool institutions, standards for housing, health care, education, and a set of goods and services to meet vital needs. The minimum level of satisfaction of needs guaranteed by society for citizens must be linked to the achieved average standard of living. The function of social protection is performed by public consumption funds. They are designed to provide a guaranteed income to those who cannot earn a living (pensioners, disabled people, orphans), as well as an equal right for all members of society to receive free education, healthcare and housing. If these opportunities are not distributed to everyone, then the principle of freeness is deprived of its social meaning, since in this case the right of all members of society to an equal share of national income from public consumption funds is not realized. The main social rights include the right to a minimum of living goods (a guarantee of a partially maintained salary) of mothers engaged in work that provides optimal conditions for raising and maintaining the health of children in the first years of life after birth. Sales of agricultural products depend largely on the quantity and quality of consumer goods and social services provided to the population at the expense of society or in exchange for earned money. In conditions of a shortage of goods and services, and as a consequence of the lack of freedom of choice, as well as in the conditions of the dominance of departments and monopolies of producers, self-government of the population cannot be implemented sufficiently fully. Ensuring the living conditions of individuals and social groups includes the right to choose consumer goods and services, housing, places of residence, health care institutions, culture, methods of organizing recreation, and satisfying material and spiritual needs.
In the market socially oriented model of the economy, the role of social function states. The government and the state are responsible for providing citizens with social protection and ensuring equal access to basic needs. The poverty level can be considered as a significant indicator of the effectiveness of social protection policies.
Social Security is a combination of a retirement savings program, an insurance program, and a National Income Redistribution program.
Social protection is a set of legislatively enshrined social norms that the state guarantees to certain segments of the population, as well as under certain economic conditions to all members of society (during rising inflation, declining production, economic crisis, unemployment, etc.)
Forms and methods of social protection of the population must ensure the satisfaction of the vital needs of each citizen at a level not lower than the subsistence level.
Target test work- learn more about social guarantees, their types and the procedure for their implementation.
Main tasks of the test:
Social and economic guarantees are a method of ensuring that the state meets the various needs of citizens at the level of socially recognized norms and standards. Machulskaya E.E. Social security law [Text]: textbook for bachelors / E.E. Machulskaya. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Yurayt Publishing House; Publishing House Jurayt, 2014. - P. 154.
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Consumption standards - consumption levels in physical terms of food products, non-food products current consumption and some services for a certain period of time (per day, month, year).
Supply standards - a certain number of durable items that are for personal consumption of the population, as well as the provision of a certain territory with a network of educational, health, household, transport services etc. Income standards - the amount of income of family citizens, which guarantees them satisfaction of needs at the level of consumption and provision standards.
Rational consumption standards are the level of consumption of goods and services for current and long-term use, which guarantees optimal satisfaction of needs.
Minimum consumption standards are a socially accepted level of consumption of food, non-food goods and services, determined according to the norms of social physiological needs. Statistical standards are standards determined on the basis of indicators of actual consumption of security for the entire population of individual social groups.
State standards in the field of housing and communal services include: Guseva T.S. Social security law in Russia [Text]: Tutorial. -M.: YURKOMPANI, 2009. - P.127.
State social standards in the field of transport services and communications include:
State social standards in the field of health protection include:
State special standards in the field of education include:
The volume and level of provision with socio-economic guarantees is an indicator of the civility of the country. Main directions of implementation of social guarantees: Kholostova E.I. Social work[Text]: Textbook for bachelors / E.I. Kholostova. - M.: Publishing and trading corporation "Dashkov and K", 2012. - P.321.
The state legally guarantees the satisfaction of priority needs from the budget in minimally sufficient amounts in the form of free services.
Local governments, when developing and implementing local socio-economic programs, may provide additional social guarantees at the expense of local budgets.
The development and implementation of State and local budgets is carried out on the basis of the priority of financing social guarantees and the social sphere.
State targeted support for local self-government is carried out with the aim of equalizing the capabilities of individual territorial societies in relation to the provision of social guarantees at a legally recognized level.
The total amount of goods and services consumed by the population during the corresponding period constitutes the consumption fund.
An unjustified increase in funds allocated for social protection of the population in the total volume of the consumption fund requires additional withdrawal of funds from the wage fund, which ultimately only expands the scale of redistribution, reduces the stimulating role of wages and does not increase the volume of total consumption.
Public Policy Russian Federation in the field of social support for citizens is formed in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
According to Art. 7 of the Constitution “Russian Federation - welfare state, whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of people. (Article 7., paragraph 1.). And also in the Russian Federation, the labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, paternity and childhood, disabled people and elderly citizens, a system of social services is developed, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are established ( Art.7.p.2.). Constitution of the Russian Federation. [ Electronic resource]: - Access from the information and legal portal “Garant”. - Access mode: http://base.garant.ru
The Constitution of the Russian Federation also establishes that coordination of issues of family protection, motherhood, paternity and childhood. Social protection, including social security, is under the joint authority of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Thus, all of the above guarantees are implemented through the social protection system. The basis of state social guarantees are minimum social standards, that is, minimum levels of social guarantees established by the laws of the Russian Federation or decisions of representative bodies of government for a certain period of time, expressed through social norms and standards, reflecting the most important human needs for material goods, publicly available and free services, guaranteeing an appropriate level of their consumption and intended to determine the mandatory minimum budget expenditures for these purposes.
Social protection is a system of distribution relations, in the process of which public funds are formed and used at the expense of a part of the national income cash material support and services for citizens; this is the state’s concern for a person who has lost completely or partially the ability to work; the activities of the state to implement the goals and priority tasks of social policy, to implement a set of legally established economic, legal and social guarantees that ensure each member of society respects social rights, including to a “decent” standard of living.
Social protection of the population is a practical activity to implement the main directions of social policy.
When developing and implementing social policy, the question of social priorities necessarily arises, that is, social tasks that are recognized by society at this stage of its development as the most pressing and urgent, requiring a priority solution. At the same time, it is necessary not only to support, but also to develop public relations, skillfully combining the interests of various categories of the population, as well as public associations and groups.
In a broad general sociological sense, the term “ social protection" first appeared in the USA in the 30s. and gradually became widespread in Western sociology to designate a system of measures that protect any citizen from economic and social disadvantage due to unemployment, loss or sharp reduction in income due to illness, birth of a child, work injury or occupational diseases, disability, old age, loss of a breadwinner, etc., and has also become the main attribute of the social policy of any civilized state. Guseva T.S. Social security law in Russia [Text]: Textbook. -M.: YURKOMPANI, 2009. - P. 118.
Social protection of the population is considered by Russian social law as a system of legal guarantees and protective measures that protect members of society from economic, social and physical degradation. It acts as a process of provision by state and municipal bodies of existing guarantees and rights that protect the individual, his economic, socio-political, social needs and interests.
In practical terms, social protection is represented by a complex of legal, economic, social guarantees, enshrined in legislation and in by-laws on state level using a two-stage system of legal acts - federal and regional legislation.
At the same time, social protection also acts as a process of ensuring by state or other bodies the guarantees and rights existing in society that protect the individual, his economic, socio-political, social needs and interests in all spheres of society. In its action it extends to all members of society, but its functional manifestation in relation to different groups is not the same.
economic social pension partnership
