Presentation "Agriculture of the Chuvash" presentation for the lesson (senior group) on the topic. Agriculture Download presentation on the basics of agriculture

Slide 2

COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE

Due to the wide variety of cultivated plants, the sectoral composition of agriculture is very complex.
Most of the production comes from field farming.
Its key industry is grain farming.

Slide 3

GRAIN FARMING

Russia's share in world grain production is about 5%.
Grain crops occupy almost 60% of all sown areas.
The yield of grain crops in Russia is very low - 19 c/ha.

Slide 4

COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE

As you watch the presentation, fill out the organizing table:

Slide 5

GRAIN FARMING

The most important grain crop in Russia is wheat (50% of the harvest).
It is quite thermophilic and does not tolerate acidic podzolic and soddy-podzolic soils.
Therefore, its crops are mainly concentrated in the southern regions of the country.
Due to the harsh climate of Russia, the bulk of this crop's crops are spring wheat, sown in the spring.
It is sown in the steppes of the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, and in the Non-Black Earth zone of Russia.

Slide 6

The yield of winter wheat sown in autumn is higher, since it uses the moisture of autumn and winter precipitation.

But it does not tolerate frost well, so it is grown mainly in the south of the Central Black Earth region and the Volga region.

Slide 7

Slide 8

The second most harvested grain crop in Russia is barley.
It is used mainly for livestock feed, but is also used as food product and for the production of beer.
Barley tolerates both high and low temperatures well and is not very picky about soils.
It is sown almost everywhere, but most of all in the Central Black Earth region, the Volga region and the North Caucasus.

Slide 9

Rye ranks third in harvest.

Rye is more resistant to cold than wheat and grows well in acidic soils.

Therefore, it is grown in the middle zone and in the north of the European part of the country.

I. SHISHKIN “RYE”

Slide 10

INDUSTRIAL CROPS

Industrial crops include those that are used as raw materials for certain industries.

Unlike cereals, they are labor-intensive and are placed in compact clusters.

Fiber flax produces fiber used for making textiles.

To obtain good fiber you need a cool and humid climate.

Therefore, flax is grown in the north-west of the European part of Russia.

Slide 11

Sunflowers and sugar beets, on the contrary, need dry and hot summers, which promote the accumulation of oil and sugar in the fruits.
In addition, they grow poorly on acidic soddy-podzolic soils.
The main areas of their growth are the Central Black Earth and Northern Caucasus.

Slide 12

POTATOES AND VEGETABLES

Potato crops are concentrated (90%) in the center of the European part of Russia.

Potato farms have been established near large cities and potato processing enterprises.

Most of the vegetables are grown here.

Slide 13

horticulture and viticulture

Horticulture and viticulture, as large branches of agriculture, are represented only in the southern regions of the country.

Slide 14

COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE

GRAIN FARMING

CULTIVATION OF TECHNICAL CROPS

POTATO CULTIVATION

VEGETABLE GROWING

GARDENING

VITICULTURE

The emergence of agriculture and cattle breeding History teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1 Zvenigorod Bortnikova T.I.

Ancient world

In France; 3. In Greece;
In Germany; 4. In Spain.
Philosophy;
Religious beliefs;
Anthropology;
Sociology.

Test yourself What animals were depicted on the vaults of the Altamira cave?

Deer; 3. Horses;
Bison; 4. Mammoths.
Soul; 3. Reason;
Spirit; 4. Intuition.

Plan: 1. The emergence of hoe farming. 2. Taming animals. 3. The emergence of crafts. 4. Tribal communities and tribe. 5.Spirits, idols and sacrifices. Hoe farming While engaged in gathering, the women noticed that wild seeds that had fallen into the ground were sprouting. People deliberately began to sow grain in loosened soil. Hoe farming

A plot of land for sowing was prepared by cutting down trees with a stone ax and uprooting stumps. They dug up the ground using a stick with a knot - a wooden hoe and threw seeds into it. When the harvest was ripe, the ears were cut with a sickle.

A hoe is a wooden stick with a knot at the end, used for digging up soil. A hoe is a wooden stick with a knot at the end, used for digging up soil. A sickle is an ancient tool made of bone or wood, used for cutting plants in agricultural work. Hoe farming When the harvest was ripe, the ears were cut with a sickle. By grinding grains on flat stones (grain grinders), flour was obtained. Flatbread was baked on the coals of the fireplace. Hoe farming Agriculture arose in Western Asia earlier than in other regions., because This is where wild barley and wheat are found. And then it spread to neighboring countries. So, more than 10 thousand years ago, agriculture arose from gathering. Taming Animals Men sometimes brought home the cubs of killed animals from hunting. They fed and tamed them. The first domestic animal was the dog, then pigs, sheep, goats and cows. Thus, cattle breeding arose from hunting. A person's life now depended on his own labor and skill. The emergence of craft They learned to cook food from the harvested crops, and for this they needed utensils. Primitive people learned to weave baskets from thin rods in which food was stored. By coating the basket with clay, you can store grain and flour in it. Then people learned to make pots from clay and fire them in the fire of the hearth. It was possible not only to store food in earthenware, but also to cook food over a fire. Weaving and spinning A mat was usually laid out on the floor of the home - a rug woven from straw, grass or reed. The weaving that women mastered was reminiscent of mat weaving. The loom was invented. A threads for making fabrics spun, that is, twisted from six domestic animals or flax fibers. With the invention of spinning and weaving, people began to wear clothes made from linen and wool. Tribal communities and tribe Kindred gathered together to resolve common affairs, they chose elders Elders- the most experienced and wise people who ruled clan communities, made sure that all relatives did common work in the fields and equally divided the collected grain. who knew the habits of animals, the properties of plants, and ancient legends. Elders - the most experienced and wise old people of the tribe who knew the habits of animals, the properties of plants, and ancient legends. Clan communities and tribe

Several clan communities living in one area made up a tribe. The tribe was ruled council of elders.

Council of Elders

To resolve particularly important matters and issues, the elders convened a meeting of all adult members of the tribe.

A tribe is an association of several tribal communities living in the same area. Clan communities and tribe Why was expulsion from the tribe considered the most terrible punishment? Spirits, idols and sacrifices. For primitive people, everything in nature was animate. Spirits live in any plant or stone, in a cloud, lightning, wind. People called the most powerful spirits gods. Spirits are invisible creatures that live in any plant, stone, wind, lightning, cloud. Gods are the most powerful spirits. Spirits, idols and sacrifices. Primitive people believed that their lives were controlled by supernatural forces that could be influenced by prayers, sacrifices and other religious rituals. Consolidation of the studied material 1. The first farmers dug up the ground... 2. Cut off the ears... 3. Grinded grains onto... 4. Cut down trees... 5. Agriculture and cattle breeding arose in Western... 6. They learned to make from clay. .. 7. To make clothes, women learned... 8. Creatures that live in nature

grain graters

weave and spin

Test yourself From what occupation of people did cattle breeding arise?

From beekeeping; 4. From hunting.
Hoe; 3. Sickle;
Axe; 4. Harpoon.

Test yourself Who was involved in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products?

Hunter;
Farmer;
Craftsman;
Weaver.
From cattle breeding; 3. From collecting;
From beekeeping; 4. From hunting.
Hoe; 3. Rake;
Sickle; 4. Braid.

http://www.husain-off.ru/hg7n/hg7-a1-12.html 2. http://lah.ru/text/sklyarov/zerno-text.htm 3. http://900igr.net/kartinki/biologija/metody-selektsii-zhivotnykh/003-metody-selektsii-zhivotnykh.html 4. http://900igr.net/fotografii/ekologija/ekologija-organizmov/007-2.-etap-agrarnoj-tsivilizatsii.html 5. http://murzim.ru/nauka/istorija/page/21/ 6.http://www.prehistoryforkids.archeologia.ru/45/45.htm 7.http://blogs.mail.ru/mail/galina.lena/4DF6770ED8252F4C.html

Internet resources

Plan 1.
2.
3.
4.
Tribal system
Animal domestication and animal husbandry
The emergence of agriculture
Development of crafts

Horse Genus

Bison genus
Rod of the Bear

What is a clan community? Who makes it up? What do community members have in common and what unites them?

Clan communities and tribe

leader
elder
elder
GENUS
Fill out the diagram. Point 1 pp. 27-28

Clan communities and tribe

leader
Advice
elders
TRIBE
elder
elder
elder
GENUS
GENUS
GENUS

New words

Clan - a group of relatives,
lived and worked together and
who had common property
Tribe is an association of several
tribal communities.
The elder is the leader of the clan.
The chief is the leader of the tribe.

Write a story using the following words:

Origin of the Horse genus
agriculture (point 3 p. 30)
The Bison genus about the origin
cattle breeding (item 2 p. 29)
The Bear genus about the origin
crafts (item 4 pp. 31-32)

Agriculture

10,000 years ago in
Western Asia
agriculture appeared

Stages of hoe farming

...women loosened the soil
hoe - a stick with a tip attached to it
made of horn or stone...

...and then they sown grains in the ground.

The ears were collected with sickles made of horn or bone, inserting sharp
stones.
Hoe farming required great physical effort,
but it gave constant harvests.
It provided people with food better than gathering.

Cattle breeding

Craft –
manufacturing
various products

Transition to settled life
contributed to the development
crafts - making
products (items),
which
not found in
Nature.
People have perfected
stone processing:
about 7 thousand years ago
they learned to drill and
polish the stone...

wickerwork
first stage
pottery
manual
potter's wheel
...began to make pottery, singed
on fire.
This made it possible to switch to boiled
food.

Development of crafts

Exercise. Look at the drawing. Which
activities of primitive man
depicted by the artist? Page 28

"How has it changed
people's lives
after they
started studying
agriculture and
cattle breeding?

“Definitely for the better!”

They no longer need
risk
own
life
They got smaller
depend on
nature and
produce
as much as
need to
Moved to
sedentary (?) image
life

gathering
APPROACHING
FARMING
hunting
agriculture
PRODUCING
FARMING
cattle breeding
“How do you understand this scheme?”

Appropriating economy

Hunting
Gathering
(the person uses
gifts of nature)

Producing farm

Agriculture
Cattle breeding
(the man himself
produces
food)

Assignment: draw up a program for saving the tribe from death

used:
A) a hoe
B) sickle
B) stone ax
D) potter's wheel

people were:
A) tiger
B) horse
B) cow
D) dog

6.Pottery is:
A) making threads

B) fabric production
D) construction of housing

elders

LET'S CHECK!

1. Agriculture arose from: A) hunting B) gathering C) fishing D) crafts 2. Find the odd one out: In agricultural work

used:
A) a hoe
B) sickle
B) stone ax
D) potter's wheel

3. Cattle breeding arose from: A) hunting B) gathering C) fishing D) crafts 4. The first animal that the ancients tamed

people were:
A) tiger
B) horse
B) cow
D) dog

5. What craft did not arise among primitive people A) making knightly armor B) pottery C) spinning D) weaving

6.Pottery is:
A) making threads
B) making pottery
B) fabric production
D) construction of housing

7. Several clan communities living in the same area: A) constituted a tribe B) consisted of large families C) were governed by a council

elders

Homework

Paragraph 4 – read, questions 1-3 (orally),
learn new words + notes in a notebook

Complete the sentences

Several clan communities united
V…
The first domesticated animal was...
The tool that replaced the digging stick
was called...
The tool with which
made dishes, called...

1 slide

2 slide

COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE Due to the wide variety of cultivated plants, the sectoral composition of agriculture is very complex. Most of the production comes from field farming. Its key industry is grain farming.

3 slide

Russia's share in world grain production is about 5%. Grain crops occupy almost 60% of all sown areas. The yield of grain crops in Russia is very low - 19 c/ha. GRAIN FARMING

4 slide

COMPOSITION OF AGRICULTURE As you watch the presentation, fill out the organizing table: Agricultural crops Cultivation conditions Main growing areas

5 slide

The most important grain crop in Russia is wheat (50% of the harvest). It is quite thermophilic and does not tolerate acidic podzolic and soddy-podzolic soils. Therefore, its crops are mainly concentrated in the southern regions of the country. Due to the harsh climate of Russia, the bulk of this crop's crops are spring wheat, sown in the spring. It is sown in the steppes of the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, and in the Non-Black Earth zone of Russia. GRAIN FARMING

6 slide

The yield of winter wheat sown in autumn is higher, since it uses the moisture of autumn and winter precipitation. But it does not tolerate frost well, so it is grown mainly in the south of the Central Black Earth region and the Volga region. GRAIN FARMING

7 slide

8 slide

GRAIN FARMING The second most harvested grain crop in Russia is barley. It is used mainly for livestock feed, but is also used as a food product and for the production of beer. Barley tolerates both high and low temperatures well and is not very picky about soils. It is sown almost everywhere, but most of all in the Central Black Earth region, the Volga region and the North Caucasus.

Slide 9

GRAIN FARMING The third place in harvest is rye. Rye is more resistant to cold than wheat and grows well in acidic soils. Therefore, it is grown in the middle zone and in the north of the European part of the country. I. SHISHKIN “RYE”

10 slide

TECHNICAL CROPS Industrial crops include those that are used as raw materials for certain industries. Unlike cereals, they are labor-intensive and are placed in compact clusters. Fiber flax produces fiber used for making textiles. To obtain good fiber you need a cool and humid climate. Therefore, flax is grown in the north-west of the European part of Russia.

11 slide

TECHNICAL CROPS Sunflower and sugar beets, on the contrary, need dry and hot summers, which promote the accumulation of oil and sugar in the fruits. In addition, they grow poorly on acidic soddy-podzolic soils. The main areas of their growth are the Central Black Earth and Northern Caucasus.

12 slide

Potato crops are concentrated (90%) in the center of the European part of Russia. Potato farms have been established near large cities and potato processing enterprises. Most of the vegetables are grown here. POTATOES AND VEGETABLES

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Slide captions:

Presentation on the topic: “Agriculture of the Chuvash”

The most important thing in the life of the Chuvash was agriculture. The land was plowed first by hand, then by horse, plow or plow.

Plow Harrow

The seeds were sown by hand from a basket hung over the shoulder. They scattered the grain by the handful and then harrowed it with a harrow.

In their fields, the Chuvash grew: rye - the most important grain plant, oats - an important feed for horses, cereals were made from barley, fabrics were made from flax, oil was squeezed from seeds.

When it was time to harvest, grain crops (rye and wheat) were harvested with a sickle. Some crops - for example, millet - were pulled by hand; peas, lentils, and buckwheat were mowed down.

The Chuvash worked as a family. The eldest in the family began to reap bread. The compressed bread was tied into sheaves. The sheaves were laid out so that they could dry, and then transported to the current, where they were also dried

After drying, the grain was threshed. The main method of threshing was threshing with flails. After threshing, the straw was removed and the grain was collected in a heap.

Throwing upward with a shovel, the grain was sifted, then passed through a sieve to clean the grain. The grain was then ground by hand mills. But, if there was a lot of grain, then it was taken to the mill, which was windy and water-powered.

The peasant returned from the mill with a feeling of great satisfaction.”

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