Nature Ivanovo region is original and unique in its own way, which is facilitated by its geographical location - the central part of European Russia. It’s no wonder that these regions have been attracting tourists for many decades. The region is rich in its water resources - there are more than a hundred lakes here, with amazing, inimitable topography and flora and fauna. Dense mixed forests, fast, deep rivers and rich, clean air - all this contributes to the development of tourism infrastructure. Particularly attractive is the stormy Lukh River, a tributary of the Klyazma, a favorite place for tourists - kayakers.
The nature of these places is surprisingly diverse. The flora is represented by different orders of flora representatives. Along the way in the forest you can find dense spruce forests growing side by side with birch groves; oak plantations give way to pine forests. And also endless meadows in the floodplains. The wealth of medicinal plants is especially impressive - there are more than 600 species here. Cranberries grow in abundance in swampy areas of the forest. Closer to autumn, entire glades of mushrooms can be found throughout the forest.
Numerous shrubs and small trees fit perfectly into the overall landscape of nature, complementing it. These are raspberry, rowan, black and gray alder, hazel, bird cherry, serviceberry, honeysuckle, wild rosemary, viburnum. About 10 species of willow grow in the forests of the Ivanovo region; oak, linden, three types of birch, aspen and poplar are found in large numbers. There are a lot of plants listed in the Red Book - lily of the valley, skirt, marquis, crow's eye, the entire family of bellflowers, carnation, white and yellow water lilies. The most commonly found berries are lingonberries, blueberries, gonoboble, blueberries, stoneberries, and strawberries are represented by three types .
Among the most significant environmental objects in the Ivanovo region is the Klyazmensky reserve, which has federal status. It stretches across the territory of the Savinsky and Yuzhsky districts - with a total area of 21,000 km. Here you can often find fox, hare, squirrel, marten, mink, and river otter.
Many animals were introduced, including wild boar, elk, beaver and muskrat. The world of birds is especially rich - more than 100 species. These are sparrows, jackdaws, crows, pigeons, wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, tits, jays, and owls. Nesting birds are represented by the common crane, cuckoo, swift, swallows, nightingales, and ducks. Their flying birds are ducks, geese, swans.
A favorable environment contributes to the development of reptiles and amphibians. Here you can often see lizards, frogs, toads, snakes and various snakes. The water world is inhabited by more than a dozen species of fish, which contributes to successful fishing. Protected butterfly species are widespread throughout the region. These are Apollos and Swallowtails. A large number of bumblebees and bees, which has a beneficial effect on plant pollination and the expansion of their population. A total of 192 species of animals in this region are listed in the Red Book and are protected to the fullest extent of the law.
The Ivanovo region is located in a temperate continental climate zone, which determined its climate characteristics. Summers are relatively warm here, and winters are distinguished by their persistent moderate frosts and snow cover. The coldest month is considered to be January, and the hottest month is July. The average monthly temperature in winter ranges from -11 to - 12 degrees, and in summer - from + 17.5 to + 18 degrees. The annual precipitation is approaching 550-600 mm. The dominant wind direction is southwest. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 30-50 cm, while ground freezing reaches 25-45 cm.
The general avifaunistic list of the Ivanovo region consists of 238 species of birds of different residence status.
In 11 surveyed model territories, 70 rare bird species were recorded, which account for 37% of the total number of species (189) found in these model territories (Table 1).
These 70 species belong to 16 orders. A significant proportion (more than 50%) of rare species belongs to three orders: Falconiformes (21.43%), Charadriiformes (21.43%), Passeriformes (11.43%).
Representatives of these orders experience the greatest anthropogenic pressure: the Falconiformes order due to their territorial needs and direct persecution, and the Charadriiformes order due to direct persecution and a small number of suitable biotopes. Representatives of the order Passeriformes adapt more successfully to anthropogenic influence (trophic plasticity, small body size, tolerance to anthropogenic influence, etc.), however, they are the most numerous in the number of species, which determined their significant share in the list of rare birds.
Species with relatively stable numbers, vulnerable species that require monitoring of their condition, are found at all stations, including the city, which to some extent confirms their relative well-being.
Dispersing and endangered species are found only at some sites. Dispersing species were observed mainly in those areas where endangered species were also found. This indicates that the dispersal of species occurs along pathways that include biotopes and territories that are especially valuable for the habitat of endangered species.
The largest number of endangered species and species that are declining in number are recorded in areas that are least transformed by humans and at the same time have the greatest structural heterogeneity. These bird species inhabit a wide range of natural and slightly transformed landscapes of the European center of Russia.
Moreover, most often they choose the territory that is least transformed by humans and has the greatest productivity. In anthropogenically transformed landscapes, these bird species choose areas that are most similar to natural biotopes and also characterized by significant productivity (reservoirs, fish ponds, peat quarries, etc.).
List of rare bird species recorded in model areas
Endangered Species
Black-throated Loon
Lesser Spotted Eagle
Black stork
Golden eagle
Gray goose
Snake eater
Osprey
Peregrine Falcon
White-tailed eagle
Kobchik
Greater Spotted Eagle
Owl
Declining species
Merlin
Klintukh
Quail
Roller
Oystercatcher
green woodpecker
Great Curlew
wood lark
Great snipe
Gray Shrike
Species with relatively stable numbers
Red-necked Grebe
Little gull
Wigeon
White-winged Tern
Gogol
Great-tailed owl
Meadow Harrier
Kingfisher
Gray crane
gray woodpecker
Great godwit
White-backed Woodpecker
Turukhtan
three-toed woodpecker
Lieutenant
Kedrovka
Morodunka
Blue Tit
Species with uncertain status requiring additional information
Gray-cheeked grebe
Buzzard
Harrier
Garnish
Species located on the border of their range
Great merganser
Deaf cuckoo
Burying ground
Hoopoe
Golden Plover
Middle Woodpecker
Fifi
Yurok
Great Gray Owl
Garden bunting
Dispersing species
great egret
Ringed Dove
Herring gull
Vulnerable species requiring monitoring
Black-necked Grebe
Big snail
Great bittern
Great Sparrow Owl
Black kite
Great-footed owl
Common kestrel
Nightjar
Capercaillie
meadow pipit
Landrail
Common cricket
Herbalist
Current status of rare bird species
Eastern Upper Volga region. During the work, 16 species of birds listed in the Red Book were registered Russian Federation. Species that are globally threatened (greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, white-tailed eagle) were recorded only at 4 sites: Klyazminsky reserve (2 species), river. Lukh (3 species), Morkushskoe reservoir (2 species), river. Nerl (1 species). The presence of these species in these areas undoubtedly indicates their significant conservation significance. However, at present only the Klyazminsky Nature Reserve has official protected area status.
At stations 1 (Klyazminsky reserve), 2 (Lukh river), 3 (Balakhninskaya lowland) the largest number of rare species included in different rarity groups was registered.
Use of indicator species to identify protected areas. We used the method of using indicator species when identifying and justifying new protected areas in the Ivanovo region - the Lukhsky ornithological reserve and the Yuzhsky Natural Park.
The Lukhsky ornithological reserve is planned to be created within the IBA of international rank in the “Floodplain of the river.” Lukh from the village Washed to s. Mugreevo-NikolskoyeV". Identification of the IBA and determination of its boundaries was carried out during research from 1999 to 2002 during the implementation of the project “Key Ornithological Territories of Russia”. When identifying the boundaries of the proposed reserve, we used clearly defined relief elements so that the individual territories of the indicator species (osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle) were completely within the protected area.
The most characteristic indicator species of valuable floodplain landscapes, experiencing insignificant anthropogenic pressure, characterized by a high level of landscape and faunal diversity and stable over time, is the greater spotted eagle. On the territory of the planned reserve, 6 nesting territories of this species have been identified.
Of the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the following live on the territory of the proposed Lukhsky ornithological reserve: osprey, white-tailed eagle, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, eagle owl, blue tit, Russian muskrat.
The YuzhskyV natural park is planned to be created on the territory of the Balakhninskaya lowland.
The use of indicator species made it possible to expand the previously proposed territory of the natural park. The following indicator species were found in this area: black stork, short-tailed snake eagle, golden eagle, gray crane and eagle owl. Of the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the following live in the territory of the proposed YuzhskyV natural park: black stork, short-eared snake eagle, curlew, eagle owl, gray shrike, and blue tit.
In addition, a peregrine falcon was recorded once (05/10/2001).
1. At least 70 rare species of birds live and breed in the Eastern Upper Volga region, and 16 of these species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
2. Bird species such as the black stork, osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, short-eared snake eagle, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gray crane, and eagle owl can be used as indicators of high faunal diversity when identifying valuable areas.
3. Biological and environmental features bird species proposed as indicators of faunal diversity: they are the tops of trophic pyramids, are clearly visible, sensitive to changes in the environment, and when feeding and nesting, are found in the vast majority of landscapes of the Eastern Upper Volga region; the time interval between a change in the environment and the reaction to it is minimal.
4. An express method for identifying valuable territories can be the detection of indicator species when observed from points with a wide viewing area during demonstration flights marking the individual and hunting territories of these species, as well as direction finding during periods of vocalization; the boundaries of protected areas must completely include their individual territories.
Moscow, like any large city, has its own bird fauna, just as it has its own fauna of insects, fish, mammals, etc. Birds by species composition, numbers individual species and their distribution across urban habitats, of course, is in some ways similar to the fauna of other European cities, similar in size to Moscow, but in some ways different, and this is the most important thing for us.
White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos Bechst.). The bird is medium in size, slightly larger than the Great Spotted Woodpecker (body weight of males 105-112 g, females 105-106 g).
The top of the neck and upper back, wings, tail, stripes from the corners of the beak on the sides of the neck, partially limiting the white sides of the head (“cheeks”), are black; the sides of the neck, lower part of the back, wide transverse stripes on the wings and outer tails are white; forehead light cream; the bottom of the neck, chest, sides of the body are pinkish-white or yellowish-white, on the sides of the body there are black longitudinal streaks; the underbelly and undertail are red or pink.
Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos mayor). The bird is slightly larger than the starling (body weight of males is 70-96 g, females 70-97 g). The top of the head and neck, back, wings, rump, and tail are black, and there is a stripe of the same color from the beak to the back of the head, limiting the white cheeks; the forehead, throat, chest, abdomen, spots on the shoulders, stripes on the wings and tail are white.
In some individuals, the outer pair of tail feathers is white with black stripes. The undertail is red, the male has a red transverse stripe on the back of the head, and in young birds the entire top of the head is red. Voice - sharp “kick-kick” or loud squealing. In the spring, birds quickly strike dry twigs and treetops with their beaks and produce a kind of “drum roll.”
Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis), A bird the size of a jackdaw (body weight 186 - 250 g). Its back is bright green, the rump is golden-yellow, the wings and tail are light brown with light gray transverse stripes, the forehead and “whiskers” (stripes from the beak to the neck) are black (in males with red strokes), the top of the head and neck bright red, chest, belly greenish-dirty white; the voice is a loud cry “peck-peck-peck”.
This is a rare nomadic, partially sedentary species. It inhabits mainly deciduous and mixed forests, less often suburban forest parks, preferring light areas of forests near the edges and clearings.
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (DeBdrocopos minor). The smallest of the woodpeckers, the size of a sparrow (body weight 21-25 g). The top of the neck, front of the back, wings, tail are black; forehead, cheeks, lower back, transverse stripes on the wings and on the side tail feathers, the underparts are white. The top of the head is red in the male, black in the female; voice - loud, continuous “ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki.”
This is a rare, sometimes common sedentary, partially nomadic species of predominantly floodplain (willow, aspen or alder) forests. Less common in light deciduous and mixed moist forests on watersheds. During nesting time, this woodpecker is hardly noticeable.
The gray crow is a well-known medium-sized bird (body weight 360-610 g) with contrasting colors. Its head, throat, crop, wings and tail are black with a metallic sheen, its back and belly are dirty gray, its legs and beak are black. Calm flight is heavy, with uniform flapping of wide wings.
In autumn and winter, crows often soar in flocks in rising air currents; single and group games in the air are common, when the birds make sharp turns, falls and take-offs.
