In recent years, many people are seriously thinking about. But which direction to choose? What should you do to avoid getting burned? And how to start with minimal costs? Walnut processing is one of the areas own business, which does not require large financial and labor costs.
Since ancient times, walnuts have been used to treat diseases, restore strength, and feed humanity, so there is no doubt that it is in great demand, especially in Europe. Many people buy nuts from various people who grow them. But very few people recycle it. The essence of the business idea that will be discussed is precisely the shelling of nuts. After all, the price of a clean, packaged nut is several times higher than its cost in the shell.
Processing should begin with the fact that first you need to get these same nuts somewhere. You can, of course, grow them yourself, but you will have to wait 5-6 years before the first harvest. In addition, this is quite a troublesome task.
Therefore, purchasing nuts is much more promising and profitable than growing them, especially since it is far from a fact that the trees planted and grown will produce a good harvest.
The processing itself consists of extracting grain from the shell of a pre-cracked nut. But chopping a nut manually is a very long and complex process. Fortunately, technology in our age does not stand still, so you can purchase a so-called nut cracker.
This machine splits the shell thanks to two shafts, which are driven by an electric motor through a gearbox. Therefore, you will also have to work with your hands. A staff of 3-5 employees is required.
You can find a nut cracker (if you look hard enough) by average price at 700-800 dollars. There are, of course, advanced industrial machines that cost 3-5 thousand dollars, but there is no point in buying them, since you simply won’t be able to use their full potential to their full capacity.
Also, to organize a walnut processing business you will need non-residential premises for working and storing purchased raw materials. The ideal option would be the private sector, but in the absence of one, you will have to rent the premises. It must be spacious and heated, since with a good flow of clients it will be necessary to work all winter.
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Walnut processing, business related to this activity - let's look into it further. And now to the most delicious part - calculating profits. The productivity of the simplest walnut polishing machine is from a hundredweight (100 kg) per hour. But the kernels still need to be pulled out of the shell. One person can sort through 200 kg of nuts in a typical eight-hour working day, without particularly straining. So, when three employees work for one month (22 working days), 13.2 tons of finished products come out (200 kg * 3 people * 22 days = 13,200 kg).
Based on the calculation that to obtain 1 kg of peeled nut, approximately 3 kg of unshelled nut is required, it follows that about 40 tons of nut will be required for processing, the average cost of which is $1 per kg.
You can sell finished grain for $5. The price fluctuates depending on the type of nuts and the integrity of the processed grain, for example, “butterflies” (halves of a nut kernel) are an order of magnitude more expensive, and grain that does not even have whole quarters is considered the cheapest.
Labor costs are approximately 10 cents per kilogram of nuts sorted, or a dollar per 10 kg.
Total net profit 66000-41320 = $24680 per month!
Walnut, how healthy it is, how many nutrients it contains. Everyone loves nuts without exception. The walnut is popularly called the tree of life, and this is without exaggeration. For a long time, he fed, restored strength and treated people.
But people have not always thought about walnut processing in the context of a business idea; today’s article will be devoted to this very topic. Let's start with the fact that not everyone understands how nuts can be processed. What can be done with them, speaking in simple language. I think that each of you in your life has at least once heard or seen an advertisement for the purchase of nuts, and many of you have asked yourself “why do they need this?”
Walnuts are in great demand. The walnut is shelled, then the clean walnut grains are packaged and sold at fairly high prices. That is, it is very profitable business, it is widely appreciated in European countries. In all cities there are people who buy nuts from villages. And there are also the largest companies that grow nuts, but only extract grains. This is very hard work, previously it was done manually, but technology has made great strides forward and now machines do the work for people.
Whatever you say, every business has both positive and negative sides. And now we will look at them. What are the pros and cons of processing nuts?
Processing nuts begins with the need for the nuts themselves, where to get them? Can you grow it yourself? It will take many years to grow a tree, and only after about five years the tree will bear its first fruits, but you should not expect that it will bear many fruits at once. This method takes a lot of time. And the task of any businessman is to invest less money and time, and get more. So we come to the conclusion that purchasing nuts is more promising than growing them.
Processing is chopping nuts and extracting grain; this can be done in two ways: the first is by hand. What does manual mean? The fact that this is very time-consuming means that workers also need to be provided with tools. The income will be small. But we cannot allow this, so production uses special equipment - nut crackers, but it should be noted that such equipment does not clean the grains from the shell, so human labor will still be needed. But in this case, much less labor will be involved, approximately three to five people out of fifteen that would be needed for manual cleaning.
Of course, there are nut crackers who crack nuts and clean grain, but such equipment costs from two thousand five hundred dollars.
Business income is one of the main factors. If we calculate, then from about three kilograms of unshelled nuts we get one kilogram of grain. If we talk about one shift, then it is worth noting that in one shift workers get one hundred and fifty to three hundred and fifty kilograms of peeled nuts. On average, an enterprise earns two hundred thousand rubles per month. Since on average one kilogram of peeled nut costs one dollar. In addition, the price of nuts depends on whether the grains are broken or not. “Butterflies”, half a nut – more expensive. The type of nut also plays a very important role.
So we gradually approached the topic of buying machines, the main thing here is not to make a mistake. Of course, it is better to enlist the support and knowledge of specialists, since there are different nut crackers, some of them are designed to process only one variety. It would be a very unpleasant story if, due to your inexperience, you bought nut crackers, but they didn’t fit, or worse, they broke. In addition, buying a machine for one type is very unprofitable, since one industrial nut cracker costs from a thousand dollars, and we are talking about investing the minimum and getting the maximum. You also need to know that the simplest nut cracker can only process one hundred kilograms of nuts in an hour.
Probably everyone has already thought about where to put the shell? We also have an answer to this question: not only the nut grains are in demand, but also the shells, but they are cheaper. Walnut shells are one of the best raw materials for production solid fuel, which is especially valued in Germany. But there are also people who, after processing the nuts, they simply burn the shells, this is very stupid, because there are so many useful uses for walnut shells. Walnut shells can be useful in everyday life, for example: in the garden, in the garden, in medicine.
Let’s draw conclusions: the walnut business is already very profitable. Despite the disadvantages of this business, and they exist. Namely, the disadvantages of processing are a large staff and theft, but the advantages outweigh - high quality of the final product (and, accordingly, the cost of sale) and a lower percentage of waste, and this is also money.
Today you learned more about nut processing and this business. Thank you for your attention!
technologist - so that he knows the entire production process.
and first of all, sane staff.
Well, in principle, you understood correctly, now everyone is faced with the task of purchasing high-quality raw materials, but purchasing it from private yards is not such a high quality and the result is not that high.
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The problem lies in the fact that all these machines are designed and configured to process ONE variety of nut, and there are about 12 varieties of nut growing in Ukraine.
Ukrainian walnuts are very different in both size and shell hardness, which makes the use of imported machines economically unprofitable.
Such machines will turn your nut into dust, suitable only for the production of nut butter.
Considering the cheap cost of human labor, especially in the regions, it is much more profitable to organize manual nut processing.
The disadvantage of such production is a large staff and theft, but the advantages outweigh the high quality of the final product (and therefore the selling price) and a lower percentage of waste, and this is also money.
Again, if something doesn't go well or you don't like it, you just fire people and forget about the nut. With equipment, especially for equipment, it is more difficult, it is almost impossible to sell it, because what you understood today, others understood yesterday, namely that a machine for a nut is a waste of money.
Everything I wrote is just a personal opinion and a little experience in this business.
Will it be profitable to buy a mini-line for processing walnuts if I have 1-2 tons. There are no more nuts in stock. Or is it better to start processing manually, and only purchase it when volumes increase?
And also, can someone at least describe in general terms the + and - mechanical divisions and divisions into factions?
Will it be profitable to buy a mini-line for processing walnuts if I have 1-2 tons. There are no more nuts in stock. Or is it better to start processing manually, and only purchase it when volumes increase?
And also, can someone at least describe in general terms the + and - mechanical divisions and divisions into factions?
In Ukraine there are 5 thousand small walnut processors, 500 medium-sized and 50 large. Large and medium-sized ones have their own harvest points from intermediaries, who, in turn, collect nuts from the population. In Ukraine, industrially planted nuts are just beginning to bear fruit, mostly - 90% - planted in forest plantations or on private farmsteads. Therefore, I would not get involved in small-scale processing if you do not know where you will get the raw materials.
This business project is the construction of a walnut processing plant on the territory of Moldova and the purchase of land in the amount of 100 hectares for planting intensive walnuts, which have been generating income for the 4th year. The gross harvest of nuts per hectare is 3 tons. The walnut processing plant will work intensively during the entire period of growth of the orchard, that is, the purchase of peeled or unshelled walnuts from the population will be reduced at a price below the market price. All collected products will be sold in Europe and the CIS countries, where the cost of these products is an order of magnitude higher, and the quality is at the level of foreign analogues. After a walnut garden of 100 hectares bears fruit, the volume of production will be 300 tons of walnuts and the cost of this product will be 5,000,000 euros. Business plan: Walnut orchard (walnut)
BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
1. Planting and operation of a 100-hectare walnut orchard
COMPETITIVENESS
CONCLUSION - According to these calculations, the payback period for a walnut orchard is within the critical maximum of 5 years! - Project participants form and strengthen nut business. - European partners provide their region Business plan: Walnut orchard (walnut)
BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
A business plan for a comprehensive closed-cycle nut business program is being considered:
1. Planting and operation of a walnut orchard with an area of 100 hectares,
2. Walnut processing (husking, calibration, pre-sale preparation).
3. Making walnut oil and grinding walnut shells for further use.
COMPETITIVENESS
The business will be successful due to the following:
1. The potential client has an urgent need for the product;
2. Waste-free business production (wood, leaves, branches, roots are raw materials for light, food, chemical and pharmaceutical industry);
3. Long-term profit (100-120 years);
4. Long shelf life of the product, no special storage conditions and simple conditions transportation.
PRODUCT - Walnuts calibrated and packaged for sale on the European market. - Walnut kernels calibrated for quality in vacuum packaging for European sales. - Walnut oil for the food, perfume and pharmaceutical industries. MARKET AND COMPETITION Annual shortage of product in Europe -100,000 tons. The taste of our product (Ukrainian walnut) is superior to existing ones, except for the USA (California).
The business is exposed to the following risk factors:
1. Climatic conditions (global climate change);
2. Human factor (vandalism, theft);
3. Natural pests: Nut moth (Gracillaria rosciopenella), nut moth (Cydia pomonella)
1. CALCULATION OF INCOME FROM PLANTING AND OPERATION OF A WALNUT ORCHARD
For now potential client has an urgent need for the product and offers 1.2 euros/kg of unshelled nuts. The price before the crisis was 1.6 - 1.8 euros/kg. Tonnage from 100 hectares of walnut orchard (4 years old) is calculated based on 3 t/ha. Total from 100 hectares. We collect 300 tons of dry walnuts. When chopping a nut, the yield of a marketable kernel is 50%, that is, we get 150,000 kg. nut kernels. The wholesale cost of the nut kernel is about 4 euros/kg. The price before the crisis was up to 6 - 8 euros/kg. Pumpkin can be a green manure in a walnut orchard before the tree crowns close. According to the adopted sowing scheme, the gross pumpkin harvest per 100 hectares will be 2,000 tons. Minimum cost 200 euros/t.
Income from the sale of unshelled nuts after 4-5 years for 100 - 120 years will be: 300,000 kg. x 1.2 euros = 360,000 euros. Income can be increased if the product is stored for 3-4 months after harvest. When selling a chopped nut kernel (½ and ¼), the income will be:. 150,000 kg. x 6 euros = 900,000 euros. Additional income from the sale of pumpkin products from the first year of planting the garden will be: 2,000 tons x 100 euros = 200,0000 euros Annually for the first 3-4 years.
COSTS 2015: - Costs for drawing up a walnut garden project - 1200 euros. - Preparation of land (plowing, harrowing, cultivation) - 11,000 euros. - Preparation of planting holes (digging, filling with fertilizer) - 1300 euros; - Purchase of planting material (12,000 seedlings, the average cost of which is 18 euros) - 216,000 euros. - Transportation, customs clearance of planting material to the landing site - 25,000 euros. - Planting seedlings, watering 11,000 euros. - Installation of a fence and a building for a watchman - 48,000 euros. - Salary - 18,000 euros. Total: 331,500 euros.
2016: GARDEN MAINTENANCE COSTS 1. Before purchasing planting material (We assume a survival rate of 80%) - 43,200 euros. 2. Plowing, disking between rows (weed removal, moisture retention) - 3000 euros. 3. Plowing of near-trunk soil (manually 5 UAH/unit) - 4100 euros 4. Watering (Delivery of 4 m3 of water - 250 UAH. We accept 0.5 m3 per 1 tree) - 3250 euros. (further watering is at your discretion); 5. Protection of the garden area in spring and summer (average 5 months) - 3000 euros. 6. Insurance Total: 56,350
Costs for sowing green manure - pumpkin variety "Stofuntovaya": 1. Cost of seeds: seeding rate - 2000 seeds per hectare + 25% per 80 hectares = 16,000 seeds or 160 kg. x 60 UAH/kg. = 9,600 UAH. 2. Sowing with SBN-3 seeder 20,000 UAH. 3. Manual two-time weeding with hilling and crown formation 620 people/day x 50 UAH = 31,000 UAH. 4. Feeding, fertilizers, pest and disease control 12,000 UAH. 5. Pumpkin harvesting - 62,000 UAH. 6. Pre-sale preparation, processing: 120,000 UAH. Total: 254,600 UAH = 26,000 euros Total 413,850 euros. of which 106,650 euros are the costs of the Ukrainian partner. Taxes and overhead costs are not taken into account (costs of the Ukrainian partner)
2017: Proceeds from pumpkin sales amounted to 200,000 euros. Compensation of costs for design, purchase of seedlings and creation of a garden (50%) - 240,200 euros. Total: 440,200 euros Costs: Maintaining the garden and growing pumpkins - 72,350 euros. Land rent, taxes, insurance - 41,150 euros. Loan repayment - 307,200 euros. Total 420,700
2018: Remaining profit of 2017 - 19,500 euros. Proceeds from the sale of pumpkins amounted to 200,000 euros. Total: 219,500 Costs: Maintaining the garden and growing pumpkins - 29,150 euros. Land rent, taxes, insurance - 42,000 euros. Purchase of equipment and construction of a walnut processing workshop: 100,000 euros. Total 171,150 euros
2019: Remaining profit of 2018 - 48,350 euros. Proceeds from the sale of pumpkins amounted to 200,000 euros. Proceeds from the sale of nuts are 600,000 euros. Costs: Garden maintenance - 14,000 euros. Land rent, taxes, insurance - 42,000 euros. Purchase of equipment for automatic walnut harvesting in the garden.
Starting from 2020, income is 1,200,000 euros. 2. OBTAINING WALNUT KERNEL (Hearing, calibration, pre-sale preparation). 3. COMPLEX WALNUT PROCESSING (Production of walnut oil and grinding of walnut shells for further use).
CONCLUSION - According to these calculations, the payback period for a walnut orchard is within the critical maximum of 5 years! - Project participants form and strengthen the nut business. - European partners provide their region with a high-protein product for the prevention of health and longevity.high-protein product for the prevention of health and longevity.
Today, walnut processing is a very good idea for small businesses.
In this article, using Ukraine as an example, we will look at such a type of small business as walnut processing. The climatic conditions are such that not every country allows walnuts to grow and ripen. In Ukraine, 120-130 thousand grow annually. tons of walnuts and in this indicator only the USA and China can compete with Ukraine 460 thousand. t and 700 thousand. t accordingly. However, in China, almost the entire walnut harvest goes to the domestic market, the same situation is in the United States, so Ukraine proudly ranks first in the export of these products (more than 80% of the products are exported).
In any type of business, including small ones, the most important thing is profitability. Therefore, before starting this small business, you need to carefully calculate everything and draw up a business plan. I’ll say right away that not everyone is able to process walnuts. The profitability of walnut processing is about 50%. In this business, who you will sell to plays a very important role. finished products. If you focus on the domestic market, the profit will not be so great, but if you try to reach large buyers abroad, then your profit will be much higher. But reaching foreign wholesalers is not so easy, so many producers sell processed walnuts to domestic wholesalers.
Types of shelling.
When processing walnuts, there are several ways to remove the shell:
Now let's look at each method in more detail.
Manual cleaning deshelling walnuts is the most ancient method of cleaning, which has survived to this day. The profitability of this cleaning method is very low. People who are engaged in nut shelling receive pennies at such enterprises, there is a very high staff turnover and often the employees are people who have nowhere else to go, pensioners and disabled people. How does this cleaning method work? There are large tables at which workers sit. In the middle of the tables lie large piles of walnuts. Near each worker there are containers for shells, quarters, halves and chaff. This type of cleaning still exists in China; we practically do not have such workshops.
Vacuum method Peeling walnuts is a more advanced method compared to manual processing. The technology is as follows: the walnut is loaded into a container for compressed air, then the compressor pumps air into the container and after a while it is sharply released. The walnut shell cannot withstand the sudden pressure drop and bursts.
Mechanical method of peeling nuts. The technology for shelling walnuts is as follows: a nut is poured into a hopper, then the nut is fed to a press, which breaks the shell using mechanical pressure on the nut. The pressure on the press is adjusted depending on the quality of the nut and the thickness of the shell. A significant disadvantage of this method is that all nuts are different and the pressure required for shelling them is different, so there is a lot of rejection that the press simply crushed. You also need to constantly regulate the pressure, and this greatly slows down the process of shelling walnuts.
Soaking and roasting walnuts. The technology is as follows: the nut is poured into a container with water and soaked for some time, then placed in an oven with a temperature of 600 to 900 degrees Celsius for a few seconds. Excessive pressure is created inside the nut and the shell bursts.
Cleaning using a calibration and crushing apparatus, this is the most common type of walnut shelling. The technology is as follows: the nut is sifted into fractions using a calibration sieve, and then fed through a conveyor belt into the crushing apparatus. The crushing compartment has several compartments for different fractions or one, the size of which is adjusted depending on the fraction. The nut is cracked in the crushing apparatus and fed to a winnower, which separates the shell from the kernel. Then the nut goes to a calibrating sieve, which separates the different fractions of the kernel.
It is worth noting that no matter what cleaning method you choose, do not forget that no matter what equipment you have, you will still have to do some work manually. Alas, there is no way without this.
Walnut processing: equipment.
Equipment for peeling and processing walnuts is quite expensive, so many novice businessmen make it themselves. If your finances allow it, then it is better to buy ready-made equipment. Firstly, this will increase the productivity of your small business, and secondly, you won’t have to rack your brains over developing new equipment. The approximate cost of a line for peeling walnuts is from 200 to 900 thousand. dollars. This is certainly not small.
Walnut processing: purchase of raw materials.
Purchasing raw materials is the most important aspect of this small business. The price of round nuts varies greatly throughout the year. The lowest cost during the season, and then the price increases until the next season. Therefore, large walnut processors purchase large quantities during the season, and then dry them and store them in a warehouse. But in order to purchase such a large batch, which would be enough for a whole year, large capital investments and large warehouses. Also, during storage, you need to maintain the correct maintenance regime so that the nut does not get wet or dry out. The purchase of raw materials can occur wholesale from large owners of walnut orchards, as well as from the population. The good thing about buying from orchards is that the nut is of the same variety, and therefore the shell is the same and the same size, and this will greatly facilitate the subsequent calibration of the round nut and reduce losses during shelling. When buying round nuts from the public, you will save a lot of money, but the nut you buy will be collected from different trees and will have to be more carefully calibrated. Also, when buying nuts from the population, you must not forget that there are varieties of nuts whose shells are thick and peel very poorly. So when purchasing raw materials, you need to keep your eyes open and choose products very carefully so as not to be left without profit.
GOST standards according to which nuts are divided.
After chopping, nuts according to GOST standards are divided into the following categories:
The nut kernels are sorted on a calibrating sieve.
Also, the price and quality of the sold walnut kernel is affected by its humidity, it should be no more than 10%.
Walnut processing: expansion of small business.
If you have decided to seriously engage in walnut processing, then you should think about creating your own garden. This will greatly reduce the cost of raw materials and make your enterprise independent from anyone. Another big plus is that you can plant good quality nuts at home, which will greatly facilitate the processing and sizing process for you. For a garden, you just need to lease 50 hectares of land from the state for 49 years. Of course, you will have to invest a lot of money, but the garden will completely pay for itself in 3 years. Also, you can not only sell shelled nuts, but you can also sell round nuts.
The article is in the section: Business ideas with average investments.
