How to open an individual entrepreneur for cargo transportation? Before opening an individual entrepreneur for cargo transportation, you must provide the following documents to the registration authority:
How to open an LLC? To open an LLC, submit to the tax authority:
Choosing a taxation system and opening an account The optimal form of taxation for a transport company is UTII. At the same time, you can work on 20 cars simultaneously.
Attention
The company rents a box and parking area with a total area of 500 square meters. meters in an industrial area. One-time costs:
Info
The total amount of one-time costs that are required to open a logistics company for cargo transportation is 20 million rubles. If you buy used cars, costs will be reduced to 11 million rubles.
Total expenses per year will be 17 million rubles. With an annual income of 20 million rubles, the net profit will be 5.5 million rubles.
Net income will be 5,220,000 – 3,060,000 = 2,160,000 rubles. The return on the initial investment in a transport company and achieving a stable monthly profit is 1-2 years.
Advantages and features of the transport business When planning to develop a business in the field of cargo transportation, every business entity should learn about its advantages and pitfalls:
Your actions:
Financial costs To engage in expeditionary services, you will need quite an impressive start-up capital. Minimum 250 thousand rubles. you must have.
If there is no client base, and at first you will be engaged in dispatch services, 1 dispatcher and you performing all other functions (director, accountant, manager) will be enough. Be sure to equip your office with:
Buy quality software allowing:
Personnel Look for workers with experience.
The undoubted advantages in the transport business are:
Opening a transport company from scratch - what do the owners of such a business say? The video below provides the answer. Company registration Most transport companies are registered as closed joint stock companies (closed joint stock companies), LLC, OJSC, as well as PBOYUL (entrepreneur without the formation of a legal entity).
Each of these organizational and legal forms has its own disadvantages and advantages.
Important
The cost of the “truck” is several million rubles; it is profitable to use it for long-distance flights, but at the initial stage they will be too much of a risk for you. 2 Start starting business relations with “dispatchers” - forwarding companies that select private carriers to fulfill orders they accept. The cost of cargo delivery offered by the customer company and the profit you will receive from intermediary forwarders are very different, but large customers do not work directly with private owners.
Only having eight trucks at your disposal can you consider yourself a serious company. The services of transport companies offer a much wider range of opportunities than assistance when moving to a new office or country house.
You need to strive, of course, to receive tenders for freight forwarding to other regions of the country. 4 Develop for yourself a system that is as reliable as possible for selecting drivers who can be trusted with equipment and expensive cargo. Finding a good driver for a truck is not always an easy task, especially when you consider that the cost of delivering cargo sometimes amounts to hundreds of thousands of rubles.
You can check the “past” of candidates with the help of collection firms or individuals providing similar services. It is possible that driver personnel in the transport business do not decide absolutely everything, but without trusted drivers you definitely won’t get far.
This way you will avoid unwanted mistakes, fuss, conflict situations, queuing. Before choosing such an assistant company, make sure of its integrity, experience and competence.
Among other things, you will be required to deposit start-up capital and open a business bank account. Selection of premises The office space will not only be the legal address of the enterprise (in connection with which a lease agreement will be required between the owner of the area and the newly formed company), but will also be the “face” of your company, which should not be forgotten.
It is not necessary, or even desirable, for the office to be “immersed in luxury”, but it should look decent: a simple European-quality renovation and new office equipment, as well as an impressive plasma or projector in the presentation room - this is the required minimum.
When studying business areas in which today you can actively develop, aspiring entrepreneurs should pay attention to the field of cargo transportation. This industry directly depends on the growth of the industrial sector, as well as on the general economic situation in the state.
Planning to open transport company, a novice businessman should first of all monitor local market, realistically assess your ability to compete, and also draw up a competent financial plan. Registration After making the final decision regarding the opening of a transport company, the businessman must go through the state registration procedure.
By the way, starting an organization can do without a loader at all, especially if among potential clients There are no enterprises with large cargo. But you can’t do without small equipment at all. Reliability is important in cargo transportation, therefore stocks of stretch tape and working tape should not run out even during the day of the enterprise’s operation.
Personnel At the very beginning, the owner will try to get by with a minimum number of employees, paying them a little more, but also loading them with more responsibilities. The owner himself will probably do the work of an accountant and responsible for client relations.
Remember that the cargo transportation project is quite exhausting, and therefore it is not worth keeping the same workers in several positions for a long time, this will reduce their productivity.
Refrigerated trucks are needed to transport food (including perishables). The costs look like this:
To reduce costs, buy used cars.
Or start with part of the fleet, leasing or renting the rest of the equipment. Pay attention! It is much cheaper to start a car-free transport company from scratch.
Equipment will only be needed for the control room. There is no need to purchase a vehicle and equip repair boxes. Personnel for a freight transportation company Before you open a freight transportation company, you need to recruit drivers, commercial department specialists, and auto mechanics to your staff. Drivers Each car must have 2–3 drivers assigned to it.
My name is Emelyanov Arthur. I live and work in the city of Saratov. Four years ago he founded the transport company Transit, which today is one of the best in the region. Before opening cargo transportation and starting my own business, I ordered detailed business plan, researched the market, determined business prospects. Today, my company’s transport delivers goods throughout Russia.
The financial and organizational side of my business is as follows:
Transport transportation is serious business, which requires you to be responsible and have a competent approach.
Pay special attention to the following points:
1. Decide on the direction of your activity. Large transport companies provide a wide range of services - railway, road, sea and air transportation, assistance in paperwork, customs services for cargo, and so on.
But at the initial stage, you shouldn’t grab onto all directions at once - you can organize a business in cargo transportation by gazelle within the region, and then throughout the country.
As the company's popularity grows and profitability increases, the business can be expanded.
2. Come up with a company name. It should be simple and memorable. Naturally, the name of the transport company should be associated with transportation, for example, “MashTrans” or “Trans-auto”.
3. Analyze the market. It may seem that the freight market is free. But that's not true. There is fierce competition here, which you will have to fight with for the first 1-2 years.
At the same time, large companies take the majority of the cargo transportation market (almost half).
20-25% goes to medium-sized companies that have been in this area of business for a long time and have a solid client base.
10-15% are “narrow profile” carriers who work in one direction and with a specific product.
There are also private owners - about 5-10%. Such people have their own car, which helps them earn their living.
The rest is random and “floating” transportation.
Today, more and more often we come across reviews that cargo transportation as a business is very dangerous, and competition does not allow it to develop normally. This is wrong.
If you do your job well, take into account the mistakes of your competitors and eliminate them yourself, then you can become the best in this business in just a few years.
4. Solve the issue with registration. At the initial stage, IP is enough. Over time, the best option is to form an LLC.
In this case, you need to prepare the following documents:
In addition to the listed papers, you will need a document confirming payment of the state fee and a letter of guarantee from the landlord.
After opening legal entity you will have two most important documents - a certificate confirming the registration of the payer and a certificate of registration. With these, all roads are open.
5. To organize a trans cargo transportation business, you will need a room. In this case, the area will depend on the volume of services provided.
At the initial stage, a small control room - a room of 20-30 square meters - will be enough. The largest area will be taken up by the vehicle park and storage areas.
Finding the required area in the central part of the city will be very difficult. But for a transport company, distance from the center is not critical. You can also find premises in residential areas of the city.
Please note that when registering an LLC, the new premises will become the legal address. It will not be possible to conclude such an agreement with a subtenant - you will have to look for the owner.
Average monthly rental costs start from 20 thousand rubles, but much depends on the number of cars in the fleet, the number of employees and other factors.
Study the numerous experiences of other entrepreneurs who have created their own successful business with a franchise you can in the section of our website:
The most successful and informative case, according to the editors of the Russtarup portal:
An interesting experience of creating a business under a franchising program is presented
6. Purchase vehicles and equipment. This waste item is one of the biggest. For the first time, you can take one or two Gazelles.
At the same time, it is not necessary to buy a new car - a used vehicle will do. The main thing is that the car is in good condition and without technical problems.
Another option is leasing. Lately, many lucrative offers have appeared. All that is required is to pay an advance payment (from 20% of the price of the car) and you can use the equipment.
The benefits of leasing are that you get a new car that comes with a warranty. If you wish, you can sign up for a deal for 2-3 years, which will reduce monthly payments to a minimum.
When choosing transport, consider the range of company services. In addition to Gazelles, low-loader trawls may be needed (for transporting particularly heavy and oversized cargo).
The total cost of purchasing cars and equipment is from 1-2 million rubles.
7. With some staff You can wait the first 2-3 months and perform the functions of a courier, dispatcher and manager yourself. There is also no point in hiring a separate accountant - the work can be entrusted to a qualified employee of a specialized company.
On the other hand, one cannot do without a person who will take upon himself all operational work. As the number of orders increases, you will need your own staff - accountant, secretary, courier, operators and other employees.
Labor costs – from 20 thousand rubles (at first) and from 150 thousand rubles in the future.
If you do not have the desire or opportunity to register a legal entity, then at the initial stage you can work as an individual entrepreneur.
All that is necessary is to appear at the tax office and bring the following documents:
As a rule, the listed documents are sufficient. And reviews about the cargo transportation business from the gurus of their business confirm this. But! Pay special attention to the selection of OKVED codes.
For cargo transportation, the following options are suitable: 63.4 (organization of cargo transportation) and 60.2. The second code includes the activities of other land transport (in our case, this is a car).
If you have all the documents and timely contact the tax office, it takes no more than a month to complete all the paperwork. In this case, the total cost of the procedure will not exceed several thousand rubles.
Table No. 1. Potential for consumption of transport company services in Russia
When drawing up a business plan, it is important to pay attention to the following parts:
1. Overview section. This should describe the form of the business, the future goals of the company, a brief overview of the cargo transportation market in a particular region, and so on. This section is very important - it provides the rationale for the rest of the project.
2. Description of the activity. Here it is important to take into account the direction of the company’s work, the type of cargo transported, the list of services, and so on.
3. Market analysis. This section is entirely devoted to a more in-depth study of the chosen direction, business prospects, analysis of the shortcomings of competing companies, and making proposals to improve the company’s activities.
4. Production plan must contain consistent steps to implement a business project, taking into account all existing risks.
In addition, the section should contain a description of all resources (equipment, machinery, premises, personnel, advertising costs) that will be needed when organizing your business.
5. Project costs. This section takes into account all expenses and income of the business.
Table No. 2. Growth of the cargo transportation industry in Russia
Costs may vary. The most budget option is to use a gazelle for cargo transportation business, and reviews from experienced entrepreneurs confirm this.
In this case, the expenses will be as follows:
Here you should focus on the capabilities of your wallet. If you have an amount of 2-3 million rubles, then you can buy a ready-made and registered business.
Otherwise, it is better to gradually develop yourself. Moreover, the costs are relatively small.
Nowadays, in the context of the protracted economic crisis that began in 2014, the expression “everyone survives as best they can” is more relevant than ever. Today, not having an additional source of income and having only one salary/pension/scholarship/benefits means dooming yourself to vegetating on the margins while life just passes you by. Therefore, every second person tries to find some alternative ways to earn money. For men, most of whom are drivers, this is much easier. What does it cost, for example, to organize transportation services? This is precisely what we will talk about today – how to open a transport company, or, if you prefer, the provision of cargo transportation services.
Brief business analysis:
It should be noted that the demand for cargo transportation is growing literally every day, however, one should not be deluded by the apparent simplicity of organizing a business, and before opening a transport company from scratch, it would be a good idea to study this area in order to avoid annoying mistakes typical of novice entrepreneurs. This publication is intended to help those wishing to start their own business in the field of logistics, and provide the necessary minimum of knowledge that will allow you to enter this business without losses.
Although there are several types of classification of transport companies, for convenience we have compiled our own division based on the provision of various types of transport services.
You can, of course, try to “embrace the immensity” and position your company as providing services for all types of transportation, but for this type of activity you will need so much money that it is unclear - if you have it, then why do you need to do business at all? Live to your heart's content!
Those who are serious about creating a reliable business will have to choose one of the directions before opening a transport company. At this link you will find a business plan for organizing cargo transportation using a regular GAZelle or other similar small-tonnage vehicle.
Among other things, it is necessary to take into account that the business processes of a transport company are not limited to transportation itself. You also need to maintain your own repair and diagnostic workshop, a staff of dispatchers, forwarders, security guards, accountants, and some other specialists. You will need repair bays, office space, garages for cars, warehouse space - without all this, any logistics company simply will not be able to operate fully.
To make it easier to work with documents, it would be best to draw up in advance standard contract for the provision of specific services - transport, storage, security, etc. Most often, everything is combined in one company.
The only thing you will have to “tinker with” is obtaining a license for international cargo transportation. To do this, you will have to submit a substantial package of documents to the Ministry of Transport:
By the way, another innovation that did not exist before is the requirement to provide a certificate of completion of special driving courses for private carriers, that is, those who work as individual entrepreneurs.
Of course, everyone once started small - with one or two trucks, gradually acquiring new types of equipment. Today, compete in the chosen field of cargo transportation with those who have been “cooking” in this “cauldron” for decades, have their own client base, a huge fleet of vehicles, endless warehouse space, etc. - this means dooming your business to failure from the very beginning. Be content with little, your time will come.
For a novice owner of a transport company, it will be quite enough:
The technical equipment of the car depot also includes the acquisition of:
All necessary expenses must be included in the business plan, without which starting such a large-scale business will be a waste of time, effort, and, most importantly, money. You can find out how to create a competent business plan. By filling out a special form in the “Contacts” section, you can order the creation of a business plan on our blog, adapted to your specific conditions.
Creating a staff of qualified employees is certainly one of the priorities when organizing a transport company from scratch. The number of employees depends on the volume of cargo transportation performed. The staff of a transport company usually includes:
Finding clients is one of the most difficult tasks. Bye new company no one knows; few would dare to entrust her with the transportation of valuable cargo. How to make a name for yourself in a market that is densely crowded with offers of similar services? We suggest using the following “set” of marketing tools.
Analyze the work of your competitors. It is impossible for everyone to work “smoothly”; everyone has “slips”, and this must be taken advantage of. Think about what you can offer your potential customers that other transport companies cannot offer. Create a discount system for regular customers, hold various promotions, give “gifts” in the form of free loading work, etc.
You can sit and wait for clients to come to you for a very long time - you need to look for them yourself. Laconically, but very clearly, state the essence of your proposal, position the types of services provided, indicate the tariffs, describe the benefits that the client will receive when working with your company.
Nowadays, many companies are looking for performers for their services via the Internet. There are special websites where advertisements are published both for those in need of cargo transportation and for those who are ready to provide these services. Creating your own website will be a huge advantage for your company.
As you can see, organizationally there is nothing complicated in creating a transport company. The only difficulty for a novice entrepreneur is the financial issue. In this source you can find out how to get a loan for a small business from a bank, and here -
The transport business is becoming increasingly popular, both among consumers and in the business environment. The demand for these services is constantly growing, and due to the development of online commerce, transport companies have many new regular customers. Becoming the owner of a transport company is not the easiest task, since this type of activity has a high threshold for entry and experience in freight forwarding and logistics companies. How to open a transport company from scratch for a beginner?
Logistics, as a business, has undoubted advantages over most other types of activity. The transport company does not require licenses, is considered financially strong and has less risk of going bankrupt. In this regard, quite fierce competition has developed in this environment, and a newcomer to this market will need a competent approach and the ability to make decisions quickly and efficiently.
Before you open a transport company for the transportation of goods, you need to settle legal formalities. This type of entrepreneurship requires registration of a legal entity, or PBOYUL ( entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity).
Opening a closed joint stock company or open joint stock company is a promising option that will allow you to seriously expand. But these forms require the preparation of many certificates and permits. PBOYUL will have to pay additional taxes. Therefore, a more profitable and convenient option is an LLC.
To resolve all formalities for registering a transport business in the form of an LLC, it is recommended to contact specialists who will eliminate long queues, errors and misunderstandings. It is important to remember that an LLC requires a Charter, starting capital and a settlement account with the bank.
When forming a new LLC, a lease agreement must be concluded with the owner of the premises - the office address must become the legal address of the enterprise. In addition to the office, storage space will be required.
The premises do not need luxurious renovation, but they should still look decent. Important requirement– compliance with fire and sanitary inspection standards. The office is the face of the company, so it needs a presentable appearance and a stylish interior.
Warehouses are clean and dry, equipped with showers and eating areas. Statistics show that the success of opening a freight transport company is 70% dependent on warehouse workers. Therefore, their working conditions must be provided with proper comfort.
The transport business needs new, high-quality equipment. Not only the success of the company, but also the safety of employees depends on this. Low-quality or used equipment often runs the risk of falling into disrepair and increasing the entrepreneur’s expenses.
Necessary equipment and special equipment for a transport company warehouse:
Cars for cargo transportation are expensive transport. It is more profitable to start a business by negotiating with car owners. It is convenient if the owner of the vehicle agrees to work as a driver on it. For an entrepreneur, this means less responsibility, since the driver-owner of the car will be responsible for all possible damage or loss of cargo on the road.
In addition to the warehouse, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to office work. This room performs not only a representative function for clients. The office should house dispatchers who will monitor the work of drivers. For control rooms and for receiving clients, the premises will require:
Opening a freight transport company from scratch is not an easy task. It is good if the entrepreneur has experienced employees on his staff who can give advice and take on some management functions. You can also assign different functions to some workers, so that at first you can limit yourself to a small staff. It is important not to overdo it with diversity, so as not to reduce the effectiveness of employees.
The company will require the following employees on a permanent basis:
A business such as a freight transport company is itself popular and in demand among clients. But at the initial stage, the business will need promotion. The Internet is now recognized as the main way to disseminate information about the provision of services. How to offer your services online:
As a business, a transport company requires serious start-up capital. Before you start opening a business, you should carefully calculate all possible expenses. These include:
Without purchasing vehicles for transportation, the average cost of starting a business will be at least 1,200 thousand rubles. Purchasing vehicles will significantly increase these costs. In addition, experts say that a faster payback from the transport business of transporting goods can be expected when renting cars.
The profitability of a business depends on the number of cars in the fleet and the availability of orders. With proper business promotion, properly organized work and minimized losses, the average profit from one machine per month will be 30 thousand rubles. If you have 2 cars, the business will pay off no earlier than in 1.5 - 2 years. The profitability of the business is recognized as high: it amounts to up to 40% of total revenue.
The transport business is very profitable investment for your capital. Today, cargo transportation is in demand more than ever: consumer demand for a wide variety of goods is constantly growing, as a result of which supply is also growing. Large manufacturers organize mainly wholesale supplies. But small wholesale, retail and numerous online markets – regular customers transport companies. But, of course, in order to organize a competitive business, you should thoroughly study the area in which you plan to work.
At the initial stages, you will have to place all the main organizational activities on your shoulders. Of course, if you initially do not have at hand a smart assistant with a good reputation and experience in senior positions in freight forwarding and logistics companies. Such you need a partner like air. If you fail to find a consultant experienced in this area, it is better to postpone your venture for a while - there is a high probability of “flunking” everything at the very beginning. But, if you are determined to create a logistics business, then we will consider how to open your own transport company step by step.
The essence of logistics is the development of optimal transportation routes, including time for driver rest, refueling, and any circumstances that “slow down” the process that may arise along the way. The forwarding department constantly supervises the process, monitoring the location of each machine, collecting information and ensuring that customers are completely satisfied with the service provided to them. The undoubted advantages in the transport business are:
Opening a transport company from scratch - what do the owners of such a business say? The video below provides the answer.
Most transport companies registered as CJSC (closed joint-stock companies), LLC, OJSC, as well as PBOLE(entrepreneur without legal entity formation). Each of these organizational and legal forms has its own disadvantages and advantages. Under PBOYUL there is a value added tax.
Joint-stock companies are an excellent form for creating a business with the prospect of serious expansion, but in order to open an OJSC (and even more so, a CJSC), you must go through many very complex procedures involving tedious paperwork and obtaining tons of certificates. Therefore, the optimal form for today is considered an LLC, which is preferred by many entrepreneurs, owning a variety of companies.
By the way, you can also purchase a ready-made company, but in this case you should thoroughly familiarize yourself with the object of purchase, identify the pitfalls and possible hidden reasons why this business is being sold.
Registration can be completed much easier if you seek help from a reliable company that provides legal support services. This way you will avoid unwanted mistakes, fuss, conflict situations, and queuing. Before choosing such an assistant company, make sure of its integrity, experience and competence. Among other things, you will be required to deposit start-up capital and open a business bank account.
The office space will not only be the legal address of the enterprise (in connection with which a lease agreement will be required between the owner of the space and the newly formed company), but will also be the “face” of your company, which should not be forgotten. Not necessarily It’s not even desirable for the office to be “drenched in luxury,” but it should look decent: a simple European-quality renovation and new office equipment, as well as an impressive plasma or projector in the presentation room - this is the required minimum.
Warehouses must be spacious and comply with all safety standards: fire, sanitary, labor protection, etc. That is, the floors must be non-slippery, perfectly level (without cracks or holes), the ramps must be comfortable and appropriate for the height of the vehicle. It would be nice to equip warehouses with electric lifting ramps.
You must take into account that the operation of a warehouse is 70% of the success of a transport company. This means that the conditions for workers should be as comfortable as possible - a dining room with a microwave and a kettle, the availability of cold water, a shower with cold and hot water - many entrepreneurs “forget” about this, not wanting to take into account that the times of feudal lords are long over and earning capital on health and humiliation of ordinary workers sooner or later lead to collapse.
It's best to buy new. This way, you will be sure that in case of any problems during the warranty period, they will fix everything or send you a new one. As Winston Churchill once said: “I am not rich enough to buy cheap things.” You can’t argue with this - of course, you need to save, but priority should still be placed on quality. On average, new rockla (hydraulic trolley) will cost you 7,500 - 9,000 rubles. You should ideally have 1 such device for each warehouse worker.
In addition, regardless of the size of the warehouse, you will need a forklift equipped to handle pallets. New costs about 500,000 rubles. See for yourself here - if it’s expensive, you can buy a used one in excellent condition. But then, when purchasing, take with you a specialist who will properly inspect the car.
It is not necessary to buy a loader right away, but it is highly advisable. The point is that one of your potential clients may need to transport something too heavy. Unloading something like this manually is impossible, but using a rocker is extremely difficult and risks breaking it, as well as damaging the cargo itself. Therefore, a loader machine will greatly simplify and speed up work.
Make sure that there is always a sufficient amount of consumables in the warehouse - stretch tape and adhesive tape; saving on them is not advisable, but keep strict records to avoid theft. As for cars, transport companies usually enter into contracts with truck owners, who are often also drivers. Thus, transportation is generously paid, but responsibility for possible damage to the vehicle and cargo on the road rests with the owner of the vehicle.
First time you can limit yourself to a minimum staff, combining several functions at once for each of the employees. In order to save money and gain invaluable experience, I myself The owner of the company can initially assume several important functions. But keep in mind that if your employees are overloaded with multidisciplinary work, this will significantly reduce the efficiency of their work.
It is advisable to give preference to specialists with work experience, even in related fields and not in leadership positions. Bookkeeping is too important a task, so you can’t entrust it to an amateur. It's good to use the services audit company, but it is much better to find an intelligent specialist yourself.
Depending on your creative abilities, connections and financial capabilities, you can completely entrust the function of promoting your business to a reputable advertising agency, or try to do this personally, limiting yourself to ordering professional advertisers to develop the “face” and style of your brand.
Beginning transport companies often face the following obstacles:
Theft. You must be confident in your “backbone” - the employees with whom you are starting a business. In addition, a control system should be provided - CCTV cameras, security, personal audits of accounting, regular reporting documentation.
Service. Clients may be dissatisfied with the quality of services. Especially at the development stage, things can often go wrong. Cargo delays, causing damage to the client. This process must be controlled rudeness on the part of the staff should not be tolerated, every client should be satisfied– the reputation of the enterprise directly depends on this.
Control carrier. It is advisable that cars be equipped with GPS systems.
Quality transportation The cargo must be compactly and securely stowed. To achieve this, warehouse workers must always have a sufficient number of consumables and proper equipment. It is necessary to establish the level of permissible “breakage” of the cargo and remove the difference from wages employees to encourage them to do quality work.
Also install average monthly battle percentage– in case of good performance, employees should be rewarded. At the same time, you should take into account: if you introduce a system of fines, it should not be overly harsh, and besides, salaries should be high enough - otherwise you will never achieve even half the effective and high-quality work
