Moscow, October 10 - "Vesti.Ekonomika". Transneft bought out Summa's share in the joint venture that controls the Novorossiysk commercial seaport. How, the company increased its share in the NCSP group to 60.62%.
Novorossiysk sea trade port is one of the largest sea ports in Russia.
"The Board of Directors was informed of the implementation of its previously adopted decision to increase the stake in the NCSP group owned by Transneft PJSC to 60.62%. The transaction was closed by acquiring 100% of the shares in the joint venture Novoport Holding, owned on parity terms by Transneft PJSC "and the Summa group and controlled 50.1% of NCSP," says a message on the website of Transneft PJSC, published following a meeting of the board of directors.
Below we will talk about the 10 largest seaports in Russia.
Novorossiysk seaport is one of the largest ports of the Black Sea and the largest port of the Krasnodar Territory.
The record holder of Russian ports for the length of the berth line, reaching a length of 8.3 km.
The seaport is located on its north-eastern coast in the Novorossiysk or Tsemes Bay, which is ice-free and convenient for navigation.
Navigation in the port lasts all year round, although it may be interrupted in winter.
Ust-Luga is a sea trade port in the north-west of Russia, in the Leningrad region, in the Luga Bay of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea near the village of Ust-Luga.
Work began with the opening of a coal terminal in December 2001; the existing timber terminal at the mouth of the Luga River was included in the port.
Navigation conditions in this part of the Gulf of Finland allow for almost year-round operation of the port with a short period of ice support (the duration of navigation without the use of icebreakers in Luga Bay reaches 326 days a year).
Port Vostochny - Russian sea port federal significance in Wrangel Bay, Nakhodka Bay, Sea of Japan.
In 1968, design and survey work began on the site of the future seaport. Construction began on December 16, 1970, in April 1971 it was declared an All-Union Komsomol shock construction project, and was under the control of the CPSU Central Committee.
It was planned to build 64 berths with a length of 15 km, for the workers of the new port it was planned to build a satellite city for 50 thousand inhabitants, the port’s cargo turnover was to be 40 million tons.
State control over ensuring the safety of navigation and order in the port is carried out by the federal government agency"Administration of the Vostochny seaport", headed by the captain of the Vostochny port.
The port of Primorsk is the largest Russian oil loading port on the Baltic Sea, the end point of the Baltic pipeline system. The port is located on the mainland of the Bjorkesund Strait in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, 5 km southeast of the city of Primorsk.
The port is designed to serve tankers with a deadweight of up to 150 thousand tons, a length of up to 307 m, a width of 55 m and a draft of 15.5 m, that is, ships with a ship close to the maximum draft capable of entering the Baltic Sea from the ocean.
On the territory of the port there are 18 oil storage tanks with a capacity of 50 thousand tons, tanks for storing light oil products and several emergency discharge tanks.
"Big Port of St. Petersburg" is a large seaport in the North-West of Russia. The port water area is 164.6 square meters. km, the length of the berth line is 31 km.
The port of St. Petersburg is located on the islands of the Neva River delta, in the Neva Bay in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea.
"Big Port of St. Petersburg" includes berths of sea trade, forestry, fishing and river ports, an oil terminal, shipbuilding, ship repair and other plants, a marine passenger terminal, a river passenger port, as well as berths of Kronstadt, Lomonosov, port points Gorskaya, Bronka.
Murmansk sea trade port is a seaport located on the eastern shore of the Kola Bay of the Barents Sea, the largest transport company city of Murmansk.
The Murmansk port consists of three parts: "Fishing Port", "Commercial Port" and "Passenger Port".
In recent years, there has been a tendency for the “Trading Port” to crowd out all others due to the increase in the export of coal and a number of other mineral resources, for the reception and storage of which Murmansk has the necessary infrastructure.
The supply of fish has decreased significantly, since it has become more profitable to export it rather than inside the country. In September 2015, during the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the enterprise, a port museum was opened.
The port is one of the largest passenger ports in Russia due to its ferry service to Crimea with a capacity of about 400 thousand passengers per year.
The port allows you to receive train ferries, which, in addition to Kerch, run between the port and Varna in Bulgaria.
The port is located on the Chushka Spit in the Kerch Strait, in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia.
The Port of Vanino is a Russian seaport of federal significance in the deep-water Vanina Bay, the largest in the Khabarovsk Territory.
It is located on the northwestern shore of Vanina Bay in the Tatar Strait and on the Baikal-Amur Railway.
Navigation in the port is open all year round. In winter, when the bay's water area is covered with ice (from January to March), ships are escorted using icebreakers. The port operates 24 hours a day.
The commercial port has 22 cargo berths and piers with a total length of more than 3 km. They are part of four transshipment complexes and an oil loading terminal
The seaport of Tuapse is located on the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea at the top of Tuapse Bay, southeast of Cape Kodosh and includes areas of the water surface at the mouths of the Pauk and Tuapse rivers.
Currently, the seaport of Tuapse is a multi-purpose port, open for navigation all year round, operating around the clock, providing cargo operations with cargo, including dangerous goods of 3–5, 9 hazard classes, foreign trade transportation of oil and petroleum products, as well as bulk cargo (coal, ore etc.), general cargo, grain, mineral fertilizers and agricultural products.
Ports have been centers of trade since ancient times. Today, millions of tons of cargo pass through large cities on the sea or ocean shores, and the volumes are growing every year. The size of the port also allows large ships to dock.
Let's look at the largest ports in terms of cargo turnover in the world and tell you why European countries are losing their positions in favor of Asian ones.
The American Association of Port Authorities maintains port cargo statistics. They collect data and produce an annual report on both cargo volume and container traffic. This report, released at the end of 2018, clearly shows that Asia has become the center of maritime cargo transportation. The leading places in the TOP 10 are occupied by the harbors of eastern cities. This is a significant example of the growth of the economies of China and Singapore.
River and sea port near the metropolis of Shanghai. In the 80s of the last century it was considered small. After 20 years, cargo turnover here increased from 100 million tons to 445 million. Record figures made the Shanghai sea gate the largest in the world. Today the figure has reached 700 million, which is an absolute world record.
View of Shanghai port
Having an advantageous geographical position on the Pacific coast, today it has existing contracts with 500 other sea harbors in the world. Divided into several parts:
Shanghai can only compete with Singapore, which ranks second both in the global ranking and in the share of container traffic. The history of the port part of the city-country began in 1863.
On a small island there is a city, a country and one of the largest and most convenient ports in the world.
With the growth of Singapore's economy, not only passenger ships, but also merchant ships began to arrive in the country. A sharp leap in development occurred in 1982, when container turnover exceeded 1 million TEU (twenty-foot equivalent units). Let's compare modern port indicators: not 1, but 30 million TEU pass through Singapore every year. It works with 123 countries of the world, is considered ultra-modern, and has its own operating system.
Guangzhou has automated the operation of 4,600 berths, and rising indicators show that it will soon overtake Singapore harbor in terms of cargo volume. China has implemented a deepening project to expand port capabilities in the south of the country.
Loading containers in Guangzhou
It accepts any cargo and is equipped with modern equipment.
From China we will move to Australia, where since 2013 the volume of goods received and sent by sea through the city of Port Hedland has sharply increased. Located in the west of the continent in a recessed harbor. The main historical purpose of Port Hedland was the transportation of ore.
Western Australia, Port Hedland
Nothing has changed since then, containers pass through Melbourne and Sydney.
The Ningbo port complex consists of five separate harbors, differing in purpose. It ranks 4th in the global top volume of container transportation. Development was achieved due to profitable geographical location and the growth of China's economy. Today the trade turnover is approaching 500,000 metric tons.
Ningbo-Zhoushan is developing rapidly
The largest sea harbor in Europe occupies 12th place in the container turnover ranking, and according to this indicator it is confidently losing ground. Here they effectively use automated system unloading and loading on board, a developed security system.
Washed by the waters of the Yellow Sea, Qingdao occupies a leading position in the port system of mainland China. It is located in the south of the Shandong Peninsula on the two shores of Jiaozhou Bay and is divided into three complexes:
Qingdao is a city with stunningly rapid development
Connected to railway and road lines. State-of-the-art facilities include a floating crane and land-based gantry cranes.
At the mouth of the Haihe River is the fifth largest port in mainland China. To increase capacity, deepening work was carried out. The port is located 170 kilometers from the capital of China, which determined the fate of the city of the same name as a transshipment base on the way to Beijing.
Tianjin Cruise Port is one of its many parts
Automated and modern complex, container turnover exceeds 14,300 TEU.
The largest port in Korea is located on the shores of the Korean Strait and is the maritime capital of the state. Its favorable position on the map allowed it to quickly increase cargo turnover at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.
View of Busan port and city
It has an open structure, accepts ships with a displacement of up to 50,000 tons in 7 areas depending on the type of goods. Protected from the winds. It is noteworthy that ships entering the harbor should be aware of the presence of unexploded mines at the bottom during the Korean War.
The depths in the southern region of the Liaodong Peninsula are not great and reach 17 meters. Vessels with a displacement of more than 30 thousand tons cannot use Dalian for transshipment. The modern complex has 314 mobile cranes and shipyards for the construction of new ships.
View of the port from the deck of a cruise ship
It is interesting that it was founded by the Russians and was previously called Dalny. The Soviet side also leased the port from China during World War II.
Since the end of the 19th century, with the development of industry in Europe, the load on ports has increased, and the volume of goods moved has increased sharply. Until the end of the 20th century, port cities grew and became richer. Today, with the rapid development of Asian countries, the path of many goods has shifted from the Atlantic to the Pacific region.
Let's talk about European ports and their current state.
The largest water harbor in Europe, it is included in the top ten world rankings. Located in the western part of the common delta of the Meuse and Rhine. It began to actively develop at the end of the 19th century together with Dutch industry.
Port of Rotterdam. 2018
According to recent studies, over 462,000 tons of cargo pass through Rotterdam harbor annually. Includes several parts:
Territory area – 105 km2.
It is located on the banks of the Scheldt River and is one of the twenty largest ports in the world. It is noteworthy that it is 4 times the size of the Belgian city itself. Amazing fact: Antwerp is located on a river and has no access to the sea (the coastline is 80 kilometers away), yet it successfully supplies not only Belgium, but also the whole of Western Europe.
Bird's eye view of Antwerp
Cargo turnover is approximately 215,000 metric tons annually. On the territory there are 5 terminals for receiving dry cargo, separate terminals for liquid and gaseous products.
The Germans call Hamburg's maritime terminals "the gateway to the world." They are located on the Elbe River, the total area of the port occupies 74 km 2.
View of the cranes from Hamburg Maritime Station
The history of the port part of the city began almost from its foundation, in 1189. The King of Germany and Emperor of the Roman Empire, Frederick I Barbarossa, ordered the opening of a port here, understanding the strategic location of Hamburg in relation to the center of Europe. Today there are 17 terminals on the territory for receiving and sending all types of cargo.
The Russian Federation owns large ports, shipyards and naval bases. Its vast territory allows it to have strategic marine terminals. The largest of them are located in the western part of the country.
In Ust-Luga, which is located near St. Petersburg, there are 11 commodity terminals and 19 berths. Annual cargo turnover figures are growing, which allowed it to get ahead of the Novorossiysk sea harbor in this indicator. According to data for 2019, Ust-Luga received and dispatched 98,730 metric tons of cargo; capacity could double if necessary.
The port of Ust-Luga continues to be built and expanded
In the world rankings, Russia's largest port ranks 45th in terms of traffic volume. The area of the territory is 1057 hectares. Convenient location at the mouth of the Luga Bay, 70 kilometers from St. Petersburg, is one of the reasons for its rapid development. Operating since 2000.
The largest southern sea gate of Russia is located in Novorossiysk. Fort Novorossiysk was founded after the end of the Russian-Turkish War in 1829. For coordinated work there are:
Sunset at the port of Novorossiysk
There is a naval base. The annual volume of cargo passing through Novorossiysk is 78,000 metric tons.
The third largest port in Russia is Primorsk. It is located on the Baltic Sea and is considered the largest oil tanker in the country. It is noteworthy that in Soviet times, a quarter of the cargo turnover of the entire USSR passed through this territory. The seaside sea gates were founded in 1993 in order to escape foreign dependence after the collapse of the state.
Berths of the port of Primorsk
The main stages of construction began in 2000, today Primorsk accepts goods in the amount of 64,000 metric tons and continues to develop. The total area is 34.8 km2.
The TOP 10 did not include complexes of the Indian Ocean, where trade turnover is also well developed. Let's talk about which ports have the largest volume of cargo transportation in a given basin.
In the world list of the largest sea harbors, Jabal Ali, located in the emirate of Dubai, occupies 23rd place. It consists of several terminals, including cargo and passenger terminals. Serves US military vessels under a separate agreement. The cargo turnover is 175,000 metric tons.
Container in the port of Jebel Ali
It is located 160 kilometers from Durban and connects the naval base with the provinces of South Africa via railway. It was separated into a separate complex for the shipment of South African coal, but gradually expanded.
Richards Bay is one of the largest coal ports in the world
The total area of the territory is 2200 hectares, there is potential for expansion.
The island of Sri Lanka lies on the route from Asia to Europe, and this position determined the development of Colombo as an oceanic transit point. Included in the TOP 50 largest port complexes in the world.
View of the seaport from the city side
River ports will never be able to compete with sea ports, however, they are important.
The largest port in the world located on the river is Duisburg. Located at the confluence of the Rhine and the Ruhr. Since ancient times, there has been a fort in this place. Today, passenger and cargo ships pass through it, repairs are carried out, and there are container and oil terminals. The infrastructure is developed, the process is fully automated.
Duisburg inner harbor
I recently did overview of the largest ports of Russia based on the results of 2015.
And I was asked several times what the picture is like in the world as a whole.
So, now you can look at the situation based on the results of 2014 (according to the AAPA World Port Rankings). It takes into account the 100 largest ports on the planet according to two indicators - cargo turnover and container turnover. Since the ranking has been going on for many years, it is very interesting to compare the record-breaking ports in comparable terms with a distance of about 10 years: this approach clearly shows the global shift in world trade and activity to East Asia, which now generates the bulk of tonnage.
In addition, the relatively modest role of the EU and the United States in maritime trade is visible. The main content of the decade 2003-2014 was the rise of China: now the ports of this country are the “workshop of the world” beginning of the XXI century - occupy most of the Top 25. Their growth over the decade is the fastest, if not explosive.
As you can see, the total turnover of the 25 largest ports over the decade increased by 82% - from 4.2 billion to 7.7 billion tons and reflects the overall increase in the intensity of world trade. The average size of a port has also increased significantly - if in 2003 even ports with a cargo turnover of less than 100 million tons were included in the Top 25, now the threshold for entering the “major league” is 150 million tons. But this is only the general picture; a lot has changed inside too.
And in the structure of changes, the most significant thing is the rapid growth of China (highlighted in yellow on the table).
If in 2003 there were two Chinese ports in the top ten: Shanghai and Guangzhou, plus Hong Kong (which historically inherited this position from the time of the British protectorate and only 6 years ago entered the PRC as a special administrative region), then in 2014 - 6 (!), that is, more than half of the top ten! Moreover, Shanghai took unconditional first place.
The role of Japan, which has been steadily reducing its role in global shipping traffic for a decade and a half, continues to decline. In 2003, two Japanese ports (Chiba, Nagoya) were in the top ten and Yokohama was in 21st place, but a decade later there were two of them left and they fell to 16th and 23rd places. South Korea also experienced a slight decrease in its share, with an absolute increase in cargo turnover (2003 - 4 ports in the Top 25, 2014 - 3 and positions lower). Dropped out of the Top 25 by Taiwan (Kaohsiung).
The European Union in 2003 was represented by four ports in the Top 25 - Rotterdam (the main European hub), Antwerp, Hamburg and Marseille. By the middle of the “tenths” there were only two of them left, and they dropped significantly in the ranking - for example, Rotterdam from second place in the world to seventh. German and French ports dropped out of the Top 25 altogether, and now occupy 26th (Hamburg) and 47th (Marseille) places. Next come Amsterdam (39th place), Spanish Algeciras (43rd) and Bremen (48th). Italian and English ports (these countries were formerly major maritime powers) are at the rear of the list. Thus, the English Grimsby occupies the 68th position, and the Italian Trieste - the 71st. London - once the gateway to the "workshop of the world" - is in 96th place.
The United States also lost relative positions: in 2003 - 3 ports in the Top 25, including 5th and 6th places; in 2014 - only 2 or lower, and New York dropped from 18th to 34th place. Australia's share has increased: if a decade ago it was represented by a single port in 25th position, now there are three, including fifth position in the world. However, Australian cargo turnover is very specific and represents the export of mineral resources.
In general, in the table we can distinguish two fundamentally different types of ports: specialized and universal. The former process predominantly a certain type of cargo, which occupies the overwhelming share of their loading (Australian Port Hedland, for example). The latter work with a wide range of cargo - serving, as a rule, a large economically active region (Shanghai, Rotterdam).
Here, too, two types can be distinguished: ports located directly in places where cargo flows are generated (say, Shanghai) and those that specialize in transshipment operations at a convenient point in the World Ocean with the intersection of routes, the so-called. Transshipment (Singapore).
It should also be noted that the turnover of containers in the world grew noticeably faster than the overall cargo turnover (for TOP-25 ports - 113% growth versus 66%).
Rotterdam was once the largest container port on the planet (1987). This time has long passed - in 2003 he dropped to 8th place, and now he is only in 11th place, continuously losing positions. At the beginning of the 2000s, Hong Kong and Singapore held unconditional leadership, mainly due to transshipment operations. However, now “mainland” China has taken the lead: even if we single out Hong Kong with its status as a special region, there are 6 (!) Chinese ports in the top ten - Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Tianjin. A real "workshop of the world"!
The patterns with the falling role of the EU and the United States and Japan also apply here: their share is falling, despite the fact that they specialize in products with higher added value (2014: EU - 4 ports in the Top 25, USA - 3). According to this indicator, Japanese ports are no longer in the Top 25, but the Vietnamese have appeared (Saigon).
Dubai, which has tripled in size, serves as a hub for the Middle East region. Busan in South Korea retained its position, but Indonesia and the Philippines dropped out of the Top 25. Taiwanese ports have lost weight in the table of ranks - for example, Kaohsiung dropped from 6th to 13th place.
Russian ports occupy a modest place in both rankings: our country’s share in world trade is small, and transport traffic to a very large extent is continental, not maritime. The largest port in Russia - Novorossiysk(127 million tons, 2015), which is now rapidly being overtaken by Ust-Luga, which is approaching the hundred million mark (87.9 million tons). The largest container port in Russia - Saint Petersburg(approx. 2.5 million TEU). By the way, in the AAPA tables, the cargo turnover of Russian ports is given in a significantly underestimated amount - perhaps the accounting methodology differs.
2) Freight turnover indicators: MT - metric ton, FT - freight ton, RT - customs ton. The last two indicators take into account not only weight, but also volume, taking into account the cases of “heavy but compact load” and “light load with large volume” and setting a strictly defined ratio of weight and volume. Ports different countries calculate their indicators in these slightly different units of measurement.
3) Transshipment– a mode of transportation in which the carrier has the right at any time to reload the cargo onto another ship, without removing responsibility for its delivery to the owner.
I recently did this based on the results of 2015.
And I was asked several times what the picture is like in the world as a whole.
So, now you can look at the situation based on the results of 2014 (according to the AAPA World Port Rankings). It takes into account the 100 largest ports on the planet according to two indicators - cargo turnover and container turnover. Since the ranking has been going on for many years, it is very interesting to compare the record-breaking ports in comparable terms with a distance of about 10 years: this approach clearly shows the global shift in world trade and activity to East Asia, which now generates the bulk of tonnage.
In addition, the relatively modest role of the EU and the United States in maritime trade is visible. The main content of the decade 2003-2014 was the rise of China: now the ports of this country - the “workshop of the world” of the early 21st century - occupy most of the Top 25. Their growth over the decade is the fastest, if not explosive.
As you can see, the total turnover of the 25 largest ports over the decade increased by 82% - from 4.2 billion to 7.7 billion tons and reflects the overall increase in the intensity of world trade. The average size of a port has also increased significantly - if in 2003 even ports with a cargo turnover of less than 100 million tons were included in the Top 25, now the threshold for entering the “major league” is 150 million tons. But this is only the general picture; a lot has changed inside too.
And in the structure of changes, the most significant thing is the rapid growth of China (highlighted in yellow on the table).
If in 2003 there were two Chinese ports in the top ten: Shanghai and Guangzhou, plus Hong Kong (which historically inherited this position from the time of the British protectorate and only 6 years ago entered the PRC as a special administrative region), then in 2014 - 6 (!), that is, more than half of the top ten! Moreover, Shanghai took unconditional first place.
The role of Japan, which has been steadily reducing its role in global shipping traffic for a decade and a half, continues to decline. In 2003, two Japanese ports (Chiba, Nagoya) were in the top ten and Yokohama was in 21st place, but a decade later there were two of them left and they fell to 16th and 23rd places. South Korea also experienced a slight decrease in its share, with an absolute increase in cargo turnover (2003 - 4 ports in the Top 25, 2014 - 3 and positions lower). Dropped out of the Top 25 by Taiwan (Kaohsiung).
The European Union in 2003 was represented by four ports in the Top 25 - Rotterdam (the main European hub), Antwerp, Hamburg and Marseille. By the middle of the “tenths” there were only two of them left, and they dropped significantly in the ranking - for example, Rotterdam from second place in the world to seventh. German and French ports dropped out of the Top 25 altogether, and now occupy 26th (Hamburg) and 47th (Marseille) places. Next come Amsterdam (39th place), Spanish Algeciras (43rd) and Bremen (48th). Italian and English ports (these countries were formerly major maritime powers) are at the rear of the list. Thus, the English Grimsby occupies the 68th position, and the Italian Trieste - the 71st. London - once the gateway to the "workshop of the world" - is in 96th place.
The United States also lost relative positions: in 2003 - 3 ports in the Top 25, including 5th and 6th places; in 2014 - only 2 or lower, and New York dropped from 18th to 34th place. Australia's share has increased: if a decade ago it was represented by a single port in 25th position, now there are three, including fifth position in the world. However, Australian cargo turnover is very specific and represents the export of mineral resources.
In general, in the table we can distinguish two fundamentally different types of ports: specialized and universal. The former process predominantly a certain type of cargo, which occupies the overwhelming share of their loading (Australian Port Hedland, for example). The latter work with a wide range of cargo - serving, as a rule, a large economically active region (Shanghai, Rotterdam).
Here, too, two types can be distinguished: ports located directly in places where cargo flows are generated (say, Shanghai) and those that specialize in transshipment operations at a convenient point in the World Ocean with the intersection of routes, the so-called. Transshipment (Singapore).
It should also be noted that the turnover of containers in the world grew noticeably faster than the overall cargo turnover (for TOP-25 ports - 113% growth versus 66%).
Rotterdam was once the largest container port on the planet (1987). This time has long passed - in 2003 he dropped to 8th place, and now he is only in 11th place, continuously losing positions. At the beginning of the 2000s, Hong Kong and Singapore held unconditional leadership, mainly due to transshipment operations. However, now “mainland” China has taken the lead: even if we single out Hong Kong with its status as a special region, there are 6 (!) Chinese ports in the top ten - Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Tianjin. A real "workshop of the world"!
The patterns with the falling role of the EU and the United States and Japan also apply here: their share is falling, despite the fact that they specialize in products with higher added value (2014: EU - 4 ports in the Top 25, USA - 3). According to this indicator, Japanese ports are no longer in the Top 25, but the Vietnamese have appeared (Saigon).
Dubai, which has tripled in size, serves as a hub for the Middle East region. Busan in South Korea retained its position, but Indonesia and the Philippines dropped out of the Top 25. Taiwanese ports have lost weight in the table of ranks - for example, Kaohsiung dropped from 6th to 13th place.
Russian ports occupy a modest place in both rankings: our country’s share in world trade is small, and transport traffic to a very large extent is continental, not maritime. The largest port in Russia - Novorossiysk(127 million tons, 2015), which is now rapidly being overtaken by Ust-Luga, which is approaching the hundred million mark (87.9 million tons). The largest container port in Russia - Saint Petersburg(approx. 2.5 million TEU). By the way, in the AAPA tables, the cargo turnover of Russian ports is given in a significantly underestimated amount - perhaps the accounting methodology differs.
2) Freight turnover indicators: MT - metric ton, FT - freight ton, RT - customs ton. The last two indicators take into account not only weight, but also volume, taking into account the cases of “heavy but compact load” and “light load with large volume” and setting a strictly defined ratio of weight and volume. Ports in different countries measure their performance in these slightly different units of measurement.
3) Transshipment– a mode of transportation in which the carrier has the right at any time to reload the cargo onto another ship, without removing responsibility for its delivery to the owner.
In fact, if you wanted to compile the TOP 10 largest ports in the world, almost all of them would be in Asia. But today we will not describe the most gigantic ports, but will focus our attention on the most productive “sea gates” of the world, where transshipment, arrival and departure of a simply gigantic number of ships and cargo take place every day. Looking at the number of twenty-foot equivalent units (so-called TEU- from English twenty-foot equivalent unit), it’s time to truly admire. And this TOP will include precisely such ports - the most significant ones, without which modern trade and logistics would simply be impossible.
According to the most recent available data (2016), marine and at the same time Shanghai river port handles about 37 million TEU per year, which set a world record, significantly ahead of all other ports. Located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, it has 125 berths, handling more than 2,000 container ships every month. This is about a quarter of all outbound shipments from China.
But when it comes to sizes, Singapore port will give everyone a head start. With almost 31 million 20-foot equivalent units processed, it is not far behind Shanghai, but larger in size. Moreover, the area occupied by these “sea gates” is growing more and more every year, which means that it is likely that it will soon be able to retake its status as the busiest port in the world from Shanghai (until 2015 it was the largest port in the world). However, today it is the largest transshipment point in the world, receiving cargo from 600 other ports from 123 countries.
This largest port in Europe by volume of cargo processed. However, with its more than 12 million TEU, it does not even make it into the top ten most powerful in the world - in 2015 it took 11th place. Stretching over 40 km, it has perhaps one of the deepest port waters to be able to receive huge ships. And it is definitely the most technologically advanced, because almost all unloading and loading operations on it are carried out using modern technology - robots, automation and unique port special equipment
Jebel Ali Port (United Arab Emirates)
The only non-Asian port that falls into TOP 10 largest sea ports in the world. Jebel Ali, located 35 km from Dubai and originally built almost on sand in the desert, handles cargo in the amount of 15 million TEU. Acts as an important port for everything related to oil. It is a relatively new “player” in the global logistics network. The port can accommodate ships of up to 545 thousand tons of carrying capacity and up to 414 meters in length, and is where the US Navy's Nimitz-class aircraft carriers most often stop.
The largest port in South and North America, which is why it is simply called - Port of America. Handles about 8 million TEU per year. Located 32 km from Los Angeles, it covers an area of more than 300 hectares, has 270 deep-water berths, and is serviced by 23 harbor cranes and more than 1,000 people. The depth at the entrance fairways is 10-16 m, the oil harbor is accessible to tankers with a draft of up to 15 m. It receives a lot of cargo and passengers from Asia - China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. The territory has its own museum, park, many cafes and a very picturesque embankment, along which many tourists enjoy walking.
